Emily Stiner1, Beth Visser, PhD.2, Anthony Bogaert, PhD. 3 Look At Me!: An Exploration of Self-Objectification and Enjoyment of Sexualization in Men and Women Emily Stiner1, Beth Visser, PhD.2, Anthony Bogaert, PhD. 3 1 Trent University, 2 Lakehead University, 3 Brock University Hierarchical Regression: EAT Introduction Enjoyment of Sexualization (ES) refers to one’s desire and appreciation for sexualized attention (Liss, Erchull & Ramsey, 2011). Self-objectification, a related construct, refers to taking on the perspective of others in viewing one’s body as an object for use (McKinley & Hyde, 1996). Research has shown self-objectification to be related to several negative outcomes, including disordered eating and poor self esteem (Mercurio & Landry, 2008; Noll & Fredrickson, 1998). The goal of the present study was to validate a gender- and orientation-inclusive ES scale (ESS-GI) and determine relations to real world behaviours. Results Predictor ΔR2 B SE B β p Step One Constant Surveillance .126   2.377 0.219 0.025 0.355 <.001 Step Two ESS .000 0.216 0.007 0.026 .351 .011 .790 Step Three Gender Attractiveness .016 2.414 0.190 0.020 -0.123 -0.051 0.030 0.028 0.027 0.056 0.309 0.033 -0.092 -0.082 .459 .027 .054 Items on ESS-GI and their Factor Loadings, Principal Axis Factoring It is important to me that people are attracted to me. .645 I feel proud when people (of the gender I’m attracted to) compliment the way I look. .599 I want people (of the gender I’m attracted to) to look at me. .722 I love to feel sexy. .715 I like showing off my body. .463 I feel complimented when people “check me out” as I walk past. .608 When I wear revealing clothing, I feel sexually attractive and in control. .520 I feel empowered when I look good. .692 Hierarchical Regression: Partners in Past Year Predictor ΔR2 B SE B β p Step One Constant Surveillance .000   0.795 -0.005 0.025 -0.009 <.001 .835 Step Two ESS .038 0.794 -0.042 0.118 0.026 -0.073 0.204 .109 Step Three Gender Attractiveness .027 0.776 -0.012 0.091 0.061 0.093 0.029 0.027 0.055 -0.020 0.157 0.049 0.164 .666 .001 .263 Method Participants: 519 undergraduates (376 female, 161 male) Measures: Disordered Eating Symptoms: Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) (α = .89) Enjoyment of Sexualization: ESS-GI (α= .82) Self Objectification: Surveillance subscale of Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley & Hyde, 1996) (α = .82) Self-reported attractiveness Number of one night stands Number of sexual partners in past year Hierarchical Regression: One Night Stands Predictor ΔR2 B SE B β p Step One Constant Surveillance .003   0.594 -0.037 0.033 -0.051 <.001 .253 Step Two ESS .023 0.591 -0.074 0.122 0.032 0.034 0.035 -0.100 0.162 0.029 Step Three Gender Attractiveness .030 0.549 -0.032 0.091 0.139 0.113 0.038 0.072 -0.043 0.121 0.086 0.153 .366 .011 .053 .001 References Garner, D.M. & Garfinkel, P.E. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9(2), 273-279. Liss, M., Erchull, M.J., & Ramsey, L. R. (2011). Empowering or oppressing? Development and exploration of the Enjoyment of Sexualization Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 55 – 68. McKinley, N.M. & Hyde, J.S. (1996). The objectified body consciousness scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 181 – 215. Mercurio, A.E. & Landry, L. J. (2008). Self-objectification and well-being: The impact of self-objectification on women’s overall sense of worth and life satisfaction. Sex Roles, 58, 458 – 466. Noll, S.M. & Fredrickson, B. (1998). A mediational model linking self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 623 – 636. Conclusions Enjoyment of Sexualization and self-objectification are overlapping but distinct constructs. Men and women show similar levels of ES whereas women report higher levels of self-objectification. ES appears to be related to less damaging outcomes than self-objectification