Life on the Home Front World War I (1914-1918) Chapter 24, Section 3
Do Now: What Do You See? What is the Author Trying to Say? What Symbolism is Being Used? What Does it Mean?
Essential Questions: How did the United States raise enough money to fight for the war? For what purposes was propaganda used during World War I? Should free speech be limited? Is free speech necessary for a country to be free? Why was there a huge wave of African American migration to northern cities?
How is the U.S. Going to PAY for World War I? U.S. Government Sold War Bonds! Low Interest Loans By CITIZENS to the U.S. Government Think of U.S. Savings Bonds Baptism/Communion/ Confirmation/Bah(r) Mitzvahs/Weddings
Selling War Bonds U.S. Government Officials Held Liberty Loan Drives to Raise $$$ Propaganda Posters Hollywood Actors Were Used to Promote the Sale of War Bonds
“Victory Gardens” U.S. Citizens Were Asked to Grow Gardens at Home Less Food Would Be Bought At Stores Extra Food Could Then Be Shipped to the Soldiers in Europe!
U.S. Citizens At Home School Children Rolled Bandages Collected Tin Cans, Paper, Toothpaste Tubs, Apricot Pits Women Knitted Socks, Sweaters, Hospital Gowns
Rationing Citizens Did NOT Eat Wheat on Mondays & Wednesdays NO Meat on Tuesdays NO More Pleasure Drives (Save Gas) Limited Use of Metals & Steel: Needed for the War
Government Control of the Economy Government Needed to Make Sure They Had Enough Supplies to Win the War Government Wanted to Make Sure We Win! Government Created 3 National Boards!
The War Industries Board Managed the Buying & Distribution of War Materials Made Sure the Factories Had Materials Needed for War Supplies Built New Factories Set Production Goals
War Industries Board War Industries Board Also Set Prices of Goods Because Materials Were Scarce, Prices Would Skyrocket Up! Supply & Demand Only the Rich Could Then Buy Goods!
National War Labor Board Settled Conflicts Between Workers (Labor Unions) & Factory Owners Made Sure There Were NO Strikes During WWI Can’t Have a Strike During a War! No Supplies Would be Made!
The National War Labor Board
Committee on Public Information Government Agency That Created Propaganda Propaganda: Opinions Expressed for the Purpose of Influencing People to Take Action! Posters, Pamphlets, Movies, Songs, Etc…
WWI: The War of Posters!
Find Your Favorite Piece of Propaganda on Hayes’ Walls!
Propaganda Created Prejudice: U.S. Government Wanted to Create Support for WWI Propaganda Led to Prejudice Against Central Power Countries! German Americans Faced it the Worst!
What Were The “New” Names?
Espionage Act (1917) & Sedition Act (1918) Made it Illegal to Criticize WWI Heavy Fines & 10 Years in Jail Why Do YOU Think the U.S. Made Criticism of the War Illegal?
Free Speech? U.S. Arrested More Than 1,500 Pacifists, Socialists, & Other War Critics Eugene Debs Was Arrested for Protesting the War! 10 Years in Jail! What Was the U.S. Afraid Of?
Espionage & Sedition Acts U.S. Government Passed the Alien & Sedition Acts in 1796 (7th Grade) Limited Criticism of the Government! Why Do YOU Think Many Americans Thought the Alien, Espionage (1917) & Sedition (1918) Acts Were a Violation of Their Rights?
Socratic Seminar: Marilyn Manson T-Shirt vs. School Dress Code
Debate Should Governments Have the Right to Silence Its’ Citizens When They Feel Its’ in Their Best Interests?
Schenck vs.United States Mr. Schenck Handed Out Anti-War Pamphlets in Times Square, NY Arrested for Violation of the Espionage & Sedition Acts! Sued - Claimed 1st Amendment Was Violated Argued Espionage & Sedition Acts Took Away Freedom of Speech
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes “The most stringent [strict] protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic… The question in every case is whether the words used… are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about … evils that Congress has a right to prevent. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schenck vs. the U.S., 1919
Free Speech? Can the KKK Have a Parade Down Columbus Avenue? Can Eminem Curse on His New Album? Should Free Speech Be Limited?
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes The Supreme Court Ruled that Free Speech Can Be Limited! You Do NOT Have a Right to Free Speech if it Creates a, “Clear & Present Danger!” Arlington National Cemetery – We Will See His Grave!
The Great Migration Labor Shortage in Factories Because Men Were Drafted! 500,000 African Americans Moved into Northern Cities for JOBS! #1 Reason = Jobs Also Left South to Escape Bigotry, Poverty, & Racial Violence (Better Life)
Mexican Migration to U.S. During WWI Job Opportunities: Railroads Farming in the South West of the U.S. Revolution in Mexico: Many Mexicans Escaped to the United States Some Mexicans Went to Northern Cities: Factory Jobs
New Job Opportunities for Women During WWI Women Worked in Steel Mills, Ammunition Factories & On Assembly Lines Served as Streetcar Conductors & Elevator Operators Jobs During WWI Helped Women Get the 19th Amendment!
The Flu Epidemic of 1918 Flu Epidemic of 1918 Killed 20 MILLION People Around the World! Over 500,000 Americans Died Schools & Public Places Were Shut Down How Was the Flu Able to Reach 6 Continents?
Essential Questions: How did the United States raise enough money to fight for the war? For what purposes was propaganda used during World War I? Should free speech be limited? Is free speech necessary for a country to be free? Why was there a huge wave of African American migration to northern cities?
Essential Questions: What does it mean to have “free” speech?” Should “free speech” be limited? Why or Why Not? Is “free speech” necessary for a country to be free?