Water Wise Chapter 11, Section 1

Let’s Review Water Wise! In your Ian, Please complete the following sentences! More than two-thirds (2/3) of Earth’s fresh water is found in _____________   The energy that drives the water cycle comes from the __________ Groundwater that humans can use is stored in a(n) _________ What percent of Earth’s water is salty? _________

Objectives of Survivor: How does the location of water on the Earth’s surface and the condition of the atmosphere affect its path through stages of the water cycle? How does the amount of saltwater differ from the amount of freshwater on the earth? How does the water continually move through the water cycle? Renewable or nonrenewable?

Earth’s Water -71% of Earth is made up of Water. 97% of the Earth’s water is salt water that is found in oceans.

Fresh Water on the Earth 3% of the Earth’s water is fresh water. Less than 1% of all the water on Earth is fresh water that humans can use.

Location of Fresh Water Available for Human Use: Ice masses near the Poles Rivers and Lakes Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Below the Earth’s surface (groundwater) (More fresh water is located underground than in the Earth’s Rivers and lakes.)

Water Cycle The Water Cycle is the continuous process by which water moves through the environment.

Energy Source for the Water Cycle: The sun is the source of energy that drives the water cycle.

Water Cycle Processes: Evaporation Condensation in Clouds Precipitation Runoff Transpiration Percolation/infiltration

Water Cycle Processes: Evaporation: The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gaseous state. (Molecules of water escape from a puddle, a lake, a stream, or a droplet of water.)

Water Cycle Processes: Transpiration: When plants release water to the air.

Water Cycle Processes: Condensation: Clouds form as the water vapor cools.

Water Cycle Processes: Precipitation: As more water vapor condenses, the water droplets in a cloud eventually become so heavy that they fall back to Earth.

Verb vs. Noun

Water Cycle Processes: Runoff: When precipitation falls on land, some runs off the surface of land into rivers and lakes.

Water Cycle Processes Infiltration/Percolation: water soaks back into the ground like water in a sponge.

Station 5: The Water Cycle

Station 1: Sticky Water What does sticky water have to do with the water cycle? Well, when water vapor begins to condense, or turn into condensation, the droplets start out small. Because of their “adhesive” or sticky qualities, the continue to attach to each other and get much larger. Let’s compare!

Where do we get our freshwater?

Water Pollution

Station 3: Water Pollution Point-Source Pollution: Pollution that comes from one specific site Ex. A leak from a sewer pipe, oil tanker spill can be controlled because its source can be identified. Nonpoint-source pollution: comes from many sources much more difficult to control because it does not come from a single source. Most nonpoint-source pollution reaches bodies of water by runoff. Ex. street gutters, fertilizers, eroded soils and silt from farming and logging, drainage from mines, and salts from irrigation

Fresh Water Conservation The water we use in our homes is not the only way water is used. More water is used in industry and agriculture than in homes.

Station 4: Fresh water sources The water table rises during wet seasons and falls during dry seasons. A rock layer that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater is called an aquifer. In this zone, the spaces between the rock particles are filled with water.

Aquifers The best aquifers usually form in permeable materials, such as sandstone, limestone, or layers of sand and gravel. Some aquifers cover large underground areas and are an important source of water for cities and agriculture. The map in Figure 3 shows the location of the major aquifers in the United States. The ground surface where water enters an aquifer is called the recharge zone. The size of the recharge zone depends on how permeable rock is at the surface.

Porosity: The more open spaces, or pores, between particles in an aquifer, the more water the aquifer can hold. The percentage of open space between individual rock particles in a rock layer is called porosity. Permeability: If the pores of a rock layer are connected, groundwater can flow through the rock layer. A rock’s ability to let water pass through is called permeability. A rock that stops the flow of water is impermeable. Large particles, shown at left, have less total surface area—and so cause less friction—than small particles, shown at right, do.

In the drawing, label the water table, saturated zone, and unsaturated zone. Color the saturated zone blue and the unsaturated zone brown.

In Summary: Which material would be considered permeable: aluminum foil or bread?   The process by which leaves give off water into the atmosphere is called Explain where one change of state would occur in the water cycle (list the state of matter it begins as then the state of matter it becomes). What is the continuous movement of water through Earth’s environment called?

What process forms clouds?   True or False: Icebergs are formed from frozen salt water. What single variable must change to cause water to either evaporate or condense?