Warm Up: Hand in your IA Study Critique Assignment to the bin. Also if you did not post the Zimbardo assignment, hand that in as well. Let’s circle up the desks, take out the Zimbardo article, and get ready to discuss!
Zimbardo's Prison Study (1973) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fa7QZWfivtc http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-march-29-2007/philip-zimbardo Zimbardo's Prison Study (1973) What are your thoughts of this study? What were the strengths of Zimbardo’s prison experiment? What were the weaknesses of Zimbardo’s prison experiment? Evaluate Zimbardo’s explanation of the results of the study. Do you agree with him or have some criticisms? Explain!
What makes good people evil?
Warm Up: Sit in one of the following groups that you identify the most with: Right Side of the Room – People not involved in many extracurricular activities Middle of the Room – People involved in extracurriculars BESIDES music Left Side of the Room – Musical people, those that play instruments In your group, brainstorm a list of traits that describes the other group…
IB Question: Evaluate social identity theory. Evaluate means to provide both the strengths and limitations of the theory. Use examples from research to support your answer.
Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) In-group (us) Out-group (them) Even when groups are randomly assigned, people will exhibit in- group favoritism (bias) and out- group discrimination (homogeneity bias) Kandinsky vs. Klee experiment (Tajfel et al, 1971) Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes Study Individual's self-esteem is maintained by social comparison (benefits belonging to the in-group vs. the out-group) http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ga4Zr7P25o0
Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) People strive to improve their self-image & self- esteem through personal achievement or through affiliation with successful groups Can help explain ethnocentrism, in-group bias, stereotyping, and conformity, and confirmation bias http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=FbWmBUONtFY Can produce competitive intergroup behavior
SIT Limitations?
SIT Limitations Describes but does not accurately predict human behavior Personal identity can be stronger than the group identity Using the theory in isolation is reductionist – fails to address the environment that interacts with the “self” (“reciprocal determinism”) e.g.: cultural expectations, rewards, and societal constraints (ie: poverty) may play more of a role in behavior than in-group identity
Robbers’ Cave Experiment (Sherif, 1961) Aim: To see if creation of groups (boys 11-12 years old) alone would lead to conflict Hypothesis: When two groups have conflicting aims, they will become hostile to each other.
Results: Groups did become hostile to each other when goals were competitive. Hostility diminished with superordinate goals (urgent situation which affected both groups) Contact hypothesis: prejudice can be reduced if contact between groups is cooperative and seen as equals instead of competition with each other
Social Representations (Moscovici, 1973) The shared beliefs and explanations held by the society in which we live or the group to which we belong. Basically cultural schemas of the group Groups have their own ideas for success, beauty, and intelligence Foundation of social cognition – helps us to make sense of our world and to master it Provides code for social exchange, communication, and describing group history