B. Sensory information is weighted dynamically to maintain balance and orientation under varying conditions. The figure illustrates findings from an experiment.

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B. Sensory information is weighted dynamically to maintain balance and orientation under varying conditions. The figure illustrates findings from an experiment in which human subjects stood blindfolded on a platform that slowly rotated continuously in the toes-up or toes-down direction at amplitudes of up to 8 degrees (peak to peak). 1. Body-sway angle is measured relative to gravitational vertical during platform tilt and expressed as root mean square (RMS) sway in degrees. The dashed line represents equal platform and body sway; for example, for a platform tilt of 4 degrees an equal amount of body sway is 1 degree RMS. In control subjects the body and platform sway are equal for small platform tilts up to 2 degrees, suggesting that people normally use somatosensory signals to remain perpendicular to the platform (minimizing changes in ankle angle). With larger platform tilts, body sway does not increase much beyond 0.5 degree RMS. In contrast, subjects with vestibular loss sway even more than the platform (1.5 degrees RMS of body tilt at 4 degrees of platform tilt) and cannot remain standing at platform tilts above 4 degrees. Thus, when both vestibular and visual signals are absent, a person orients only to the support surface and has difficulty maintaining balance. 2. In control subjects the influence of somatosensory input decreases with increasing platform tilt while the influence of vestibular input increases. At larger tilt angles the greater influence of vestibular input minimizes the degree of body sway away from gravitational vertical. Source: Posture, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon Citation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available at: https://neurology.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/1049/kan_ch41_f012.png&sec=59144724&BookID=1049&ChapterSecID=59138671&imagename= Accessed: December 24, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved