EE 4611 INTRODUCTION 21 January 2015 Semiconductor Industry Milestones

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Presentation transcript:

EE 4611 INTRODUCTION 21 January 2015 Semiconductor Industry Milestones • 1942 - Very pure silicon and germanium were manufactured • 1947 - PN junction diodes was invented • 1947 - The junction transistor was invented at Bell Lab by Bardeen, Brattain and Schockley • 1958 - Integrated circuits (ICs) were invented by Kilby at TI • 1962 - First commercial integrated circuits • 1962 - Semiconductor industry surpasses $1-billion in sales • 1963 - First MOS IC • 1963 - CMOS invented • 1965 - Moore’s law invented by Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore • 1971 - Microprocessor invented • 1978 - Semiconductor Industry passes $10-billion. • 1985 - Intel 80386DX • 1985 - 200mm silicon wafers introduced • 1986 - 1Mbit DRAM • 1988 - 4Mbit DRAM • 1989 - Intel 80486DXTM • 1990’s-2000’s Intel Pentium Series • 2009 - Intel demonstrated the first working 32 nm processor 2012 – Micron 22 nm memory 1

Moore’s Law Number of transistors on a chip roughly double every 18 months Has been true since 1970 and shows no signs of slowing World's first 2-billion transistor microprocessor (Intel Itanium processor) is announced in February 2008 2

Device Becomes Ever Smaller Smaller feather size leads to more transistors per unit area (high density) and higher speed Intel demonstrated the first working 32 nm processor in 2009 2012 feature sizes 22 nm, advanced R&D to 14 nm January 2013 IEEE Spectrum 3-D “FinFET” R&D by INTEL and others 3

Semiconductor Materials Elements: Si, Ge III-V compounds: AlAs, GaAs, InAs, InP II-VI compounds: CdS, CdSe, ZnS, Si is today’s most important semiconductor material Low cost easily oxidized to form SiO2 insulating layer High Eg, can be used in high temperature GaAs and InP are used for optoelectronic applications Periodic table of semiconductors

Semiconductor Industry Development Trend Trend: smaller, faster, and cheaper Ways to achieve: Better quality of fabrication materials, e.g., very pure semiconductors and large single crystals New materials (such as graphene, carbon nano tube) New design concepts and new theories on semiconductor physics New fabrication technology Micro- and nano- technology Energy efficient devices New theory 9