Breast, prostate, and thyroid cancer screening tests and overdiagnosis Minsoo Jung, PhD, MPH  Current Problems in Cancer  Volume 41, Issue 1, Pages 71-79 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.006 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Conceptual idea of lead-time bias. Note: The diagnosis of disease is made earlier in the screened group, resulting in an apparent increase in the survival time, although the survival time is the same in both groups. (Adapted with permission from Jung M.17) Current Problems in Cancer 2017 41, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.006) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Conceptual idea of length-time bias. Note: The probability of detecting disease is related to the growth rate of the tumor. Rapidly growing tumors have short potential screening period. Thus, unless the screening test is repeated frequently, patients with aggressive tumors are more likely to present with symptoms. Tumors with slow growth have longer potential screening period. They are more likely to be detected when they are asymptomatic. As a result, more indolent tumors are found in the screened group, causing an apparent improvement in survival. (Adapted with permission from Jung M.17) Current Problems in Cancer 2017 41, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.006) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions