Organic LIGHT EMITTING DIODE Under The Kind Guidance of PRESENTED BY DEEPAK KUMAR 1101292167 ECE- 7th sem M.MOHANTY Dept. of ECE GEC ``BBSR``

CONTENT Introduction History Structure or Architecture of OLEDs Working principle of OLEDs Types of OLEDs Advantage and Disadvantage of OLEDs Upcoming future of OLEDs Current Research on OLEDs Conclusion

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS AN OLED ? OLED is solid state semiconductor device composed of thin films of organic molecules that creates Light with the application of electricity. A device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about 200 times smaller than a human hair. It can be thinner and weight less than other display technologies. It have a wide view angle(up to 160 degrees even in bright light). It uses less power than conventional LEDs or LCDs display.

HISTORY OF OLED In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first light emitting diodes from thin organic layers. In 1988 Chihaya Adachi and Tetsuo Tsutsui developed first multi layered OLED . In 1990 Germy Burroughes,Richar Friend and Donal Bradely developed first polymer based OLED(PLED). In 1997 Teruo Tohma developed first passive matrix organic light emitting diode (PMOLED) . In 1998 Mark Thompson and Stephen Forrest developed first phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) .

OLED STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE SUBSTRATE: (clear plastic or glass foil) The substrate Supports the OLED. ANODE : Adds electron when current flows through OLED CATHODE: Injects electrons when current flows through OLED. ORGANIC LAYER: Organic molecules or polymers. CONDUCTING LAYER: This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport “holes” from the anode. polyaniline is used as conducting layer. EMISSIVE LAYER: This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport “electron” from the cathode. polyfluorene is used as conducting layer.

HOW OLED WORK ? When a voltage is applied to OLED, the holes and the electrons are generated from each of the two electrodes, which have a positive and negative electric charge respectively. When they recombine in the emissive layer, organic materials make the emissive layer to turn into a high energy state termed “excitation”. The light is emitted when the layer returns to its original stability

WHY OLED? TYPES OF OLEDs Lighting efficiency Incandescent bulbs are inefficient Fluorescent bulbs give off ugly light LEDs (ordinary light emitting diodes) are bright points; not versatile OLEDs may be better on all counts Displays: Significant advantages over liquid crystals Faster Brighter Lower power Cost and design LEDs are crystals; LCDs are highly structured; OLEDs are not –Malleable; can be bent, rolled up, etc. Easier to fabricate In general, OLED research proceeds on many fronts TYPES OF OLEDs Passive-matrix OLED Active-matrix OLED Transparent OLED Top-emitting OLED Foldable OLED White OLED

Active-Matrix OLED Passive-Matrix OLED Perpendicular cathode/anode strip orientation Light emitted at intersection (pixels) External circuitry Turns on/off pixels Large power consumption Used on 1-3 inch screens Alphanumeric displays Full layers of cathode, anode, organic molecules Thin Film Transistor matrix (TFT) on top of anode Internal circuitry to determine which pixels to turn on/off Less power consumed then PMOLED Used for larger displays

Transparent OLED Top-emitting OLED Transparent substrate, cathode and anode. Bi-direction light emission. Passive or Active Matrix OLED. Useful for heads-up display Transparent projector screen glasses Non-transparent or reflective substrate. Transparent Cathode. Used with Active Matrix Device. Smart card displays.

IN FUTURE OLED IS USED AS LIGHTING SOURCE :- White OLED IN FUTURE OLED IS USED AS LIGHTING SOURCE :- Emits bright white light Replace fluorescent lights Reduce energy cost for lighting True Color Qualities

FOLDABLE OLEDs Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs.

FOLDABLE OLEDs Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs. Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers.

FOLDABLE OLEDs Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs. Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers. Do not require backlighting like LCDs.

FOLDABLE OLEDs Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs. Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers. Do not require backlighting like LCDs. Consume much less power , important for battery-operated devices.

FOLDABLE OLEDs Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs. Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers. Do not require backlighting like LCDs. Consume much less power , important for battery-operated devices. Easier to produce in larger sizes.

FOLDABLE OLEDs Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs. Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers. Do not require backlighting like LCDs. Consume much less power , important for battery-operated devices. Easier to produce in larger sizes. Have large fields of view about 160 degrees.

Advantages Disadvantages Thinner, lighter and more flexible Brighter Consume much less power Easier to produce and make into larger sizes Large field of view Lifetime White, Red, Green  46,000-230,000 hours About 5-25 years Blue  14,000 hours About 1.6 years Expensive Susceptible to water Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD market

UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs… An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news.

UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs… An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news. An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending entertainment.

UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs… An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news. An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending entertainment. An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk.

UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs… An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news. An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending entertainment. An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk. An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations.

UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs… An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news. An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending entertainment. An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk. An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations. An OLED based visiting card that could revolutionize the social world.

UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs… An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news. An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending entertainment. An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk. An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations. An OLED based visiting card that could revolutionize the social world. An OLED as lightening windows.

UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs… An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news. An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending entertainment. An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk. An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations. An OLED based visiting card that could revolutionize the social world. An OLED as lightening windows. And MUCH MUCH MORE…..

CURRENT RESEARCH FOR OLEDs…. Manufacturers focusing on finding a cheap way to produce OLEDs. "Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing Increase the efficiency of blue luminance. Focusing to increase overall lifespan of OLEDs.

WELCOME TO DIGITAL WORLDs…. conclusion Limited use caused by degradation of materials. OLED will replace current LED and LCD technologies. Expensive. Flexibility and thinness will enable many applications. OLEDs can change our future lifestyle and make it digital. WELCOME TO DIGITAL WORLDs….

REFRENCES www.google.com/oled-technology www.wikipedia.com/oled www.electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled www.oled-info.com www.oled-display.net