Origins of American Government Chapter 2 Origins of American Government

The English colonists brought… need for an ordered social system Concept of government limited government government should not be all-powerful. representative government government that serves the will of the people.

Timeline of American Rights

The Thirteen Original Colonies

Three types of colonies: royal colonies - ruled directly by the English monarchy. proprietary colonies – land granted by king charter colonies -self-governed

Sec 2 The Redcoats are coming!!

Colonists Response to British Rule 1754-76 Until the mid-1700s, colonies allowed freedom. In 1760, King George III imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists. Stamp Act Sugar Act Townsend Act Intolerable Acts

British Colonial Policies Colonists responded by Making a confederation *Not the first time for a confederation* 1600s-New England colonies 1754-Albany Plan of Union proposed an annual congress protest

Acts by the King Colonial Responses Stamp Act Townsend Act Tea Act Intolerable Acts Stamp Act Congress Sons of Liberty Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Led to Intolerable Acts Continental Congress forms

Why do people in Boston seem to want to protest more?

Adams, Jefferson, Paine Adams urges revolution in Congresses What was the original purpose of these various Congresses? Paine-publishes “Common Sense” What is it about? What effect does it have? Jefferson-authors Declaration of Independence States create their own constitutions

Common Features of State Constitutions Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Civil Rights and Liberties Separation of Powers Checks and Balances

Sec 3 We wanted freedom We wanted to govern ourselves There might be a concept of TOO much freedom

Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Victorious colonies stay with Articles of Confederation as their government. What were the positive/negative aspects to this type of government? Event pushes US to fix their government. Shay’s Rebellion

“a firm league of friendship” among the States. The Articles of Confederation “a firm league of friendship” among the States. Obligations Obey Congress Respect the laws of the other States. Powers Declare war Deal with national finance issues Settle disputes among the States.

Sec 4 Roads to a Working Constitution

Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Constitutional Convention is called. Issues at first between big state and small states. Why? What were the plans of big and small states when it came to the legislative branch?

Famous Founding Fathers Leaders of the Philadelphia Convention James Madison Governor Morris Alexander Hamilton George Washington Leaders Not Present Patrick Henry-refused Samuel Adams-not selected John Hancock-not selected Thomas Jefferson-in Paris Thomas Paine-in Paris John Adams-in England

Conflicting Plans Virginia Plan 3 branches 2 houses of congress – bicameral Number of reps determined by population New Jersey Plan 3 branches 1 house of congress Equal number of reps for all states

The Great Compromise Known as the Connecticut Compromise Combine Plans 2 houses of Congress House of Reps – based on population Slaves count as 3/5 of a person Senate – 2 reps per state Large and Small states benefit

Sec 5 Hamilton vs Jefferson It’s on!

Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Constitution drafted Sept 17th, 1787 Disagreement immediately on whether or not it should be approved and ratified. Two Rival Groups form Federalist Anti-Federalist

Federalists vs Anti-Federalists Supported constitution strong federal gov’t Would create a strong stable nation Anti-Federalists opposed constitution Power in the states Federal gov’t would abuse power Gov’t should be close to home

The Federalist Papers-Stats 85 articles Advocate NY to adopt Constitution James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay Explains Constitution and why it was necessary

Bill of Rights What are they? Only way states would agree http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/billofrights/ Only way states would agree 12 Amendments sent around to states for ratification 10 were approved

Ratification was not unanimous Only needed 9/13ths to ratify Interesting Fact: Not all states had approved the Constitution by Washington’s presidency

Inaugurating the Government new Congress met first time- March 4, 1789 quorum (majority) on April 6 George Washington-unanimously elected by electoral votes & inaugurated on April 30.