Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) Vishaal Harisaran 205519005

History the term 'arthrogryposis' refers not to a distinct syndrome or single entity is characterized by congenital contractures. The Drachman hypothesis states that arthrogryposis is caused by immobilization of fetal limbs during the period of formation of joints received support from the finding of arthrogryposis in the offspring of a woman who received tubocurarine in early pregnancy for treatment of tetanus.

AMC), defined as permanent joint contractures present at birth, is one of the most common congenital defects in piglets and other mammals Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita most common type of arthrogryposis, hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, feet and knees are affected every joint is involved, including the jaw and back.

Arthrogryposis renal dysfunction cholestasis syndrome, also known as ARC Syndrome Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal type 2B, also known as Freeman-Sheldon syndrome variant.

Clinical signs The most common clinical features in this family were flexion contractures of the elbows and knees and marked equinovarus. Females are less affected than males; the male/female ratio was 2 to 1.

Pathology Congenital Lesions Whole body –joints.

Genetic autosomal r ecessive in Yorkshire pigs teratogens Genetic autosomal r ecessive in Yorkshire pigs teratogens. Severe arthrogryposis DDx- in utero vitamin A or Manganese def, Classical swine fever, wild black cherry (bark) or poison hemlock

Control Since the inheritance is autosomal recessive proper mating programmes need to be implemented in order to eliminate the trait. Breeding patterns can be changed and the trait would be breeded out. While there is no reversal of this condition, individual quality of life can be greatly improved.