Data and Applications Security Developments and Directions Dr. Bhavani Thuraisingham The University of Texas at Dallas Security for Distributed Data Management Lecture #9 February 13, 2006

Outline Distributed Database Systems Architecture, Data Distribution, Functions Security Issues Discretionary Security, Multilevel Security Secure Heterogeneous and Federated Systems Some Comments Assumption: Network is secure; focusing on securing the data

Distributed Architecture Communication Network Distributed Processor 1 DBMS 1 Data- base 1 base 3 base 2 DBMS 2 DBMS 3 Processor 2 Processor 3 Site 1 Site 2 Site 3

Data Distribution S I T E 1 E M P 1 D E P T 1 S S # N a m e S a l a r y D # D # D n a m e M G R 1 J o h n 2 1 1 C . S c i . J a n e 2 P a u l 3 2 3 J a m e s 4 2 3 E n g l i s h D a v i d 4 J i l l 5 2 5 M a r y 6 1 4 F r e n c h P e t e r 6 J a n e 7 2 S I T E 2 E M P 2 D E P T 2 S S # N a m e S a l a r y D # D # D n a m e M G R 9 M a t h e w 7 5 5 M a t h J o h n 7 D a v i d 8 3 P h y s i c s P a u l 8 P e t e r 9 4 2

Distributed Database Functions Distributed Query Processing Optimization techniques across the databases Distributed Transaction Management Techniques for distributed concurrency control and recovery Distributed Metadata Management Techniques for managing the distributed metadata Distributed Security/Integrity Maintenance Techniques for processing integrity constraints and enforcing access control rules across the databases

Secure Distributed Architecture

Discretionary Security Mechanism

Security Policy Integration

Views for Security

Secure Distributed Database Functions

Architecture for Multilevel Security

Multilevel Distributed Data Model

MLS/DDBMS Functions

Distributed Inference Controller

Interoperability of Heterogeneous Database Systems Database System A Database System B (Relational) (Object- Oriented) Network Transparent access to heterogeneous databases - both users and application programs; Query, Transaction processing Database System C (Legacy)

Technical Issues on the Interoperability of Heterogeneous Database Systems Heterogeneity with respect to data models, schema, query processing, query languages, transaction management, semantics, integrity, and security policies Federated database management Collection of cooperating, autonomous, and possibly heterogeneous component database systems, each belonging to one or more federations Interoperability based on client-server architectures

Federated Database Management Database System A Database System B Federation F1 Cooperating database systems yet maintaining some degree of autonomy Federation F2 Database System C

Schema Integration and Transformation in a Federated Environment Component Schema for Component A for Component B for Component C Generic Schema Export Schema Export Schema I Federated Schema for FDS - 1 for FDS - 2 External Schema 1.2 Schema 2.1 Schema 2.2 Schema 1.1 Export Schema II Adapted from Sheth and Larson, ACM Computing Surveys, September 1990

Client-Server Architecture: Example from Vendor A Client from Vendor B Network Server from Vendor C Server from Vendor D Database Database

Security Issues Transforming secure data models Secure architectures: Heterogeneous and federated data management Security impact on schema/data/policy integration Incomparable/Overlapping security levels Inference Control Secure client-server computing

Transforming Secure Data Models EMP: Level = Secret SS# Ename Salary D# 1 John 20K 10 2 Paul 30K 20 3 Mary 40K Class EMP is Secret It has 3 instances: John, Paul and Mary DEPT Class DEPT is Unclassified It has 2 instances Math and Physics Math is Unclassified Physics is Confidential Level D# Dname Mgr 10 Math Smith U 20 Physics Jones C

Security Architecture: Heterogeneous data management

Security Architecture: Federated data management

Federated Data and Policy Management Data/Policy for Federation Export Export Data/Policy Data/Policy Export Data/Policy Component Component Data/Policy for Data/Policy for Agency A Agency C Component Data/Policy for Agency B

Incomparable Security Levels

Overlapping Security Levels

Inference Control

Secure Client-Server Computing

Comments Techniques for centralize data management have to be extended for a distributed/heterogeneous/federated environment Access control enforced across databases Inference control across databases Web will continue to impact the development of secure distributed data managers Network security is critical