Lung Capacity

Tidal Volume TV: The amount of air going into or out of the lungs on single breath.

Expiratory reserve Volume ERV: Air left to be exhaled AFTER normal breathing (exhalation)

Inspiratory Reserve volume IRV: The amount of air you can take in after tidal volume.

Vital Capacity VC: Total amount of air you can move. VC = TV + IRV + ERV

IC: How much air you bring in IC = TV + IRV Inspiratory Capacity IC: How much air you bring in IC = TV + IRV

Residual Volume RV: What is left in the lungs that you can not move!

DEAD SPACE Air in passage way that never makes it to gas exchange. TV: 500 ml about 150 ml is dead.

IRV ERV

Lets see who has the largest lungs shall we? 449 FULL OF HOT AIR Lets see who has the largest lungs shall we? 449

External respiration Getting air from the atmosphere into the blood. (gas to dissolve into liquid)

Hemoglobin (Hb) Oxygen is not very soluble, so it binds to the carrier hemoglobin on the RBC.

Hemoglobin Hb + O2  HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin)

The hemoglobin contains iron, this is where O2 attaches. Iron  Hb  RBC

Decompression Sickness Divers go to deep for too long. Extra pressure FORCES nitrogen to dissolve into blood.

Decompression Sickness IF they come up too fast nitrogen forms bubbles in joints: “the bends”

CO poisoning Carbon monoxide: colorless, odorless, Attached to Hb before oxygen does and you suffocate

Find the percentage of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide that we use or expel. TABLE Time: Find the percentage of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide that we use or expel.

: TABLE TIME Oxygen Atmosphere 160 mm Hg Alveoli 100 mm Hg Capillary Tissue/Cells 20 mm Hg

: TABLE TIME Oxygen Atmosphere 21% Alveoli 13% Capillary 5% Tissue/Cells 3%

: TABLE TIME CO2 Atmosphere .3 mm Hg Alveoli 40 mm Hg Capillary Tissue/Cells 50 mm Hg

: TABLE TIME CO2 Atmosphere .0003% Alveoli 5.3% Capillary 6% Tissue/Cells 6.6%

Internal Respiration Getting blood to tissues and cells.

Saturation How much of the hemoglobin is carrying oxygen, at normal pressure ~ 97% saturation.

Factors Affecting saturation 1. Temperature: When temperature goes down , saturation goes up

Factors Affecting saturation 2. Acidity: ph down = acidity up = saturation down=

Factors Affecting saturation 3. Pressure: Pressure down Saturation down

Effect of altitude (4) 1. Less pressure with higher altitude. 2. Increase breathing rate for more air.

3. Heart rate increase to move more blood. Effect of altitude 3. Heart rate increase to move more blood. 4. Body produces more RBC’s

CO2 Transport Getting CO2 out of tissues. 3 ways to do it.

CO2 Transport 1. 8% CO2 taken by plasma

2. Hemoglobin carries about 25% CO2 Transport 2. Hemoglobin carries about 25%

CO2 Transport 3. Carbonic Acid CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 -

COLOR OF BREATH LAB LAB TIME