D. A view of ion permeation through the channel illustrates the changes in occupancy of the various K+ binding sites. A pair of ions hops in concert between.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
02-02 W. W. Norton Carpenter, M., Human Neuroanatomy, 7th edition. Baltimore, Maryland: William & Wilkins, © 1976 by Williams & Wilkins.
Advertisements

Second Edition Cognitive Neuroscience The Biology of The Mind Chapter 2 The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Norton Media Library Copyright 
The pupillary light reflex is an important sign for determining the level of a brain stem lesion. In patients with depressed consciousness caused by metabolic.
C. The consequences of synaptic integration in ganglia 9 and 10 can be studied by selectively stimulating preganglionic inputs to B or C neurons and observing.
C. Selective stimulation of the two types of gamma motor neurons has different effects on the firing of the Ia fibers from the spindle. Without gamma stimulation.
(Adapted from Doty JR, Flores JH, Doty DB: Superior vena cava obstruction: bypass using spiral vein graft. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67(4):1111–1116; with.
C. When the weight is larger than expected, the object slips initially, but force is increased before lifting begins. When the subject begins to lift a.
B. Many muscles cross more than one joint to exert an effect on more than one body segment. For example, the hamstring muscles of the leg accelerate the.
B. In the actual case in which the ACh receptor-channel is permeable to both Na+ and K+, experimental results show that the end-plate current reverses.
C. Transgenic mice that express the CaMKII-Asp286 kinase and receive doxycycline perform as well as wild-type mice in learning the Barnes maze task (approximately.
Degradation. At the postsynaptic neuron tropolone inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which inactivates norepinephrine (6a). Normetanephrine.
[C from: Markowitz SK, Ziter FHM: The lateral chest film and pneumoperitoneum. Ann Emerg Med 1986;15:425–427, with permission.] Source: Chapter II-3. Pneumoperitoneum,
B. Physicochemical features of the AQP1 water channel
D. Site of stroke is on the left parieto-frontal region
B. The two hypothetical synergies in part A can generate the unique tuning curves for muscles M1 to M3 in response to all 16 directions of translation.
C. Asynchronous background input alone drives a low level of firing even in the absence of any signaling input, as seen by the two spikes that occur in.
D. The neural tube bends at the cephalic, pontine, and cervical flexures. Source: Patterning the Nervous System, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon.
E. Dopaminergic neurons are located in the midbrain and hypothalamus
C. Nerve conduction studies demonstrate changes characteristic of an axonal neuropathy. When the ulnar nerve is stimulated above the elbow or at the wrist,
The eight single-neuron vector clusters and the population vectors shown here represent the activity of the same population of cells during reaching movements.
Two PALL epidural filters in series (East Hills, NY )
Relationship between duration of brachial plexus blockade of various local anesthetics and their degree of protein binding. [Reproduced with permission.
E. Dopaminergic neurons are located in the midbrain and hypothalamus
[From Pansky B: Review of Gross Anatomy, 6th ed
Illustration of the actions of contraction of the intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, and accessory muscles. (Reprinted with permission of the publisher.
C. When muscle is diseased the number of muscle fibers in each motor unit is reduced. Some muscle fibers innervated by the two motor neurons shrink and.
Proportions of human cancer deaths attributed to various factors
(Source: Adapted from Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS
The Ca2+ fluxes and key structures involved in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The arrows denote the direction of Ca2+ fluxes. The thickness of.
B. More recent studies have subdivided the premotor cortex of macaque monkeys into several more functional zones with different patterns of cortical and.
B. Breathing becomes unstable during sleep at high altitudes in most normal individuals. The upper trace shows an example of a Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
Illustration of ways regression lines can differ
AP view of the abdomen shows multiple rib fractures in various stages of healing along with a spiral fracture of the left femur in a child who has not.
(A). Systemic infusion of opioids. (B) Epidural infusion of opioids
The mutagen nitrous acid replaces amino groups with keto groups, thus converting cytosine into uracil or adenine into hypoxanthine. The pairing of these.
A conceptual model of cardiac membrane fast sodium and slow calcium ion channels: at rest (A), during the initial phases of the fast-response (B and C),
A standard epidural order form.
E. Dopaminergic neurons are located in the midbrain and hypothalamus
A tension pneumothorax should have been suspected based on the clinical scenario and the absence of breath sounds on the left. Emergency needle decompression.
Neurons and other cells express a conserved death program
B. Transmitter release is measured by amperometry
Pedal venous pressure measurements with exercise
C. Time-lapse cinematography captures the divisions and differentiation of isolated cortical progenitor cells in the rodent. Lineage diagrams illustrate.
Self-portraits by an artist following damage to his right posterior parietal cortex. Each portrait was drawn at a different time after the stroke: at 2.
C. The giant presynaptic terminals of bipolar neurons in the retina are more than 5 μm in diameter, permitting direct patch-clamp recordings of membrane.
C. Neuronal activity of cortical and thalamic neurons becomes synchronized during a primary generalized seizure. The depolarization is dependent on conductances.
(Reproduced with permission from Amato AA, Russell JA
Adapted from Aronson L. Twelve tips for teaching reflection at all levels of medical education. Med Teach. 2011;33(3):200–205. Source: EDUCATING FOR PROFESSIONALISM,
Chapter 7 Voluntary Movement.
Only three distinct stereoisomers of 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane are possible. These include a pair of enantiomers (bottom) and a single achiral stereoisomer.
Regulation of gating in ion channels
The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland both directly and indirectly through hormone- releasing neurons. Neurons in the magnocellular neuroendocrine.
C. As the result of an MS plaque involving the posterior columns of the cervical cord, patients may experience an electric shock-like sensation traveling.
Adapted with permission from Hsia, J et al
C. Inhibitory interneurons in a relay nucleus are activated by three distinct excitatory pathways. Feed-forward inhibition is produced by the afferent.
B. Sensory information is weighted dynamically to maintain balance and orientation under varying conditions. The figure illustrates findings from an experiment.
C–D. Micrographs of a dorsal root ganglion cell (C) and a motor neuron (D) show the organelles in the cell body that are chiefly responsible for synthesis.
C. A peripheral nerve fiber is myelinated by a Schwann cell in several stages. In stage 1 the Schwann cell surrounds the axon. In stage 2 the outer aspects.
B. The discharge rate in the Ia sensory fiber of a spindle increases during slow flexion of a finger. This increase depends on alpha-gamma co-activation.
Principle of ion exchange in drug delivery systems
B. A deletion of genomic DNA encompassing only a single exon results in the clinically severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A larger deletion encompassing.
[From: Galli : et al: Emergency Orthopedics: The Spine
B. Physicochemical features of the AQP1 water channel
C. The arcuate neurons shown in part B project to multiple regions of the hypothalamus. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a convergence zone for many.
C. As the result of an MS plaque involving the posterior columns of the cervical cord, patients may experience an electric shock-like sensation traveling.
Explaining the action potential with channels, ions, and voltages
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Presentation transcript:

D. A view of ion permeation through the channel illustrates the changes in occupancy of the various K+ binding sites. A pair of ions hops in concert between a pair of binding sites in the selectivity filter. In the initial state, the "outer configuration," a pair of ions is bound to sites 1 and 3. As an ion enters the inner mouth of the channel, the ion in the inner chamber jumps to occupy the innermost binding site of the selectivity filter (site 4). This causes the pair of ions in the outer configuration to hop outward, expelling an ion from the channel. The two ions now in the inner configuration (sites 2 and 4) can hop to binding sites 1 and 3, returning the channel to its initial state (the outer configuration), from which it can conduct a second K+ ion. (Adapted, with permission, from Miller 2001.) Source: Ion Channels, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon Citation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available at: https://neurology.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/1049/kan_ch5_f015.png&sec=59140335&BookID=1049&ChapterSecID=59138627&imagename= Accessed: November 12, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved