Unit 7: America Moves Forward Honors US History I

Chapter 11: Reforming and Expanding

Section 3: Westward Ho!

Texas Stephen F. Austin - land grant 1821: “free land” for 300 families - 3 requirements (1) become Roman Catholic (2) pay MEX taxes (3) obey MEX laws (slavery) 1830: 8000 ppl in TEX territory

New Mexico Santa Fe & Albuquerque Spanish & Mestizo Indians Wars - Apache, Ute, Navaho, Comanche Pueblo Indians Isolationist (no USA) 1821: MEX independence

Santa Fe Albuquerque

Santa Fe Trail - Capt. Becknell - “highway” to SW

Oregon AME sailors Far East trade stop John Jacob Astor - Pacific Fur Co. - $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Oregon Trail - Nathaniel Wyeth

John Jacob Astor

Missionaries - Methodists, Presbyterians, Jesuits Self-Gov’t

California AME sailors Cattle ranches Christian missions Ports - San Diego & San Francisco Fort Sutter

San Francisco San Diego

Westward Movement Wagon trains - “prairie schooner” Extended families Independence, MO Native-Americans 2000 miles = 5 months autonomous

Utah Joseph Smith (see PPT) Mormons Brigham Young Great Salt Lake Factors for Success - organization/cooperation - discipline - work ethic

Great Salt Lake Brigham Young Joseph Smith

Section 4: Texas and Oregon

Lone Star Republic 1835: 30,000 AME in TX AME Complaints (?) MEX Complaints (!) 4/2/1836: TX Independence - gov’t, pres, v-pres Gen. Santa Anna (the dictator) The Alamo

Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Dirty, Stinky Americans… GET OUT! Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

TX Army - Sam Houston Battle of San Jacinto TX Republic - Pres. Houston - constitution (slavery) TX State - NO!!! (not yet)

We surrender! Sam Houston

Gag Rule Abolitionist petitions 1836: no further discussion H of R vs. JQA 1844: repeal

1840 Election “Log Cabin” - Pres. Harrison (WH-N) - VP Tyler (D-S) The Cold!!!!! Pres. Tyler (D-S) vs Whigs Texas Question - ENG & TX alliance - John C. Calhoun (rejected)

William Henry Harrison God Bless You! ACHOO! William Henry Harrison John Tyler

1844 Election Henry Clay (WH) vs. James K. Polk (D) “dark horse” candidate TX Question - Clay… NO! - Polk… EXPANSION! (TX & OR) - Clay… Wait, YES! - Birney (Liberty Party).. NO! Polk Wins!!

James K. Polk

Go west… and take land that does not belong to you! TX: the State - 4 new states in future (?) - Missouri Comp Line (36-30) - wait for OR Manifest Destiny John O’ Sullivan “God’s will!” Go west… and take land that does not belong to you!

54-40 or Fight! TX promise OR territory All (54-40) or None! War with ENG (?) Compromise 1846: 49th parallel

ALASKA Polk’s “Threat” English Line Compromise!! Mexican Border

Section 5: War with Mexico

Round 2 MEX will not give up! - disputes TX boundary - worry about AME in CALI

Nueces Boundary Rio Grande Boundary

- Rio Grande River border of TX Declaration of War Land for Sale (?) - CALI and NM for $30mill - Rio Grande River border of TX Land for Sale!

- Gen. Zachary Taylor invades (?) - Polk’s war message Pick a fight! - Gen. Zachary Taylor invades (?) - Polk’s war message Gen. Zachary Taylor WAR!

Nueces Boundary Rio Grande Boundary Taylor’s Encampment

- Scott by sea to MEX City (capital) - Kearney W to CALI 3 Prong Attack - Taylor S into N. MEX - Scott by sea to MEX City (capital) - Kearney W to CALI Kearny Taylor Scott

Kearny Scott Taylor

OUCH!

“Bear Flag” Revolution John C. Fremont US Navy Kearney arrives - through NM

The hero of the Bear Flag Revolution I will defeat the Mexican oppressors! The hero of the Bear Flag Revolution

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo US gets - TX at Rio Grande R. - CALI, NM, UT, NV, ARZ, COL - 1.36 mill acres MEX gets - $15mill - plus US will forgive $3mill in claims

Nicholas Trist

Gadsden Purchase $10 million S. ARZ and NM Transcontinental RR route