MUHAMMAD and the RISE OF ISLAM

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Essential Question: Who was Muhammad and how did Islam unite the Arab people?

This new faith was founded by the Prophet Muhammad Overview of Islam Around the year 600 CE, a new monotheistic religion called Islam began on the Arabian peninsula This new faith was founded by the Prophet Muhammad His followers, called Muslims, spread Islam throughout the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe

By the year 750 CE, Muslim leaders had built an Islamic Empire Overview of Islam By the year 750 CE, Muslim leaders had built an Islamic Empire

The Islamic Empire connected diverse people through religion and trade Overview of Islam The Islamic Empire connected diverse people through religion and trade Muslim scholars focused on learning and developed numerous cultural achievements that are still used today

Overview of Islam Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion; it has more than 1 billion followers throughout the world (second only to Christianity)

MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS

What was Arabia like before Muhammad?

Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam The Arabian Peninsula is a desert region with little fertile soil or farming Most Arabs lived in desert tribes which were centered around families and were ruled by clans

Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam Arabia was not united under a single government, but Arabs did have a common language (Arabic) Most Arabs were polytheistic, having an Animist-type religion; some followed Christianity or Judaism

Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam Arabia was the intersection of three continents (Africa, Asia, and Europe) so it was an important region for trade; they were also exposed to much cultural diffusion One of the wealthiest trade cities in Arabia was Mecca

Mecca was also a religious city The Ka’aba (“The Cube”) was a 43 foot high cube structure that held statues of hundreds of gods

Arabs made pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Ka’aba; violence between the warring Arab tribes was forbidden within 20 miles of the Ka’aba This law of non-violence helped make Mecca an even more valuable trade city (since merchants could peacefully do business there)

Who was Muhammad?

Early Life of the Prophet Muhammad Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 CE; part of a poor clan, he was orphaned at a young age and raised by his grandparents

Early Life of the Prophet Muhammad As an adult, Muhammad became an honest and successful merchant He married a wealthy widow and started a family

What happened to Muhammad in 610 CE?

Muhammad and Islam Muhammad’s work brought him into contact with Jewish and Christian merchants, so he was exposed to their religions Muhammad had a vision of the angel Gabriel in 610 CE; he was told by Gabriel that he was a prophet sent to Earth by God After much soul-searching, Muhammad came to believe that the Lord who spoke to him through Gabriel was Allah. Muhammad became convinced that he was the last of the prophets. He began to teach that Allah was the one and only God and that all other gods must be abandoned. People who agreed to this basic principle of Islam were called Muslims. In Arabic, Islam (ihs•LAHM) means “submission to the will of Allah.” Muslim (MOOZ•lim) means “one who has submitted.” Muhammad’s wife, Khadijah, and several close friends and relatives were his first followers.

Muhammad and Islam He began preaching a new monotheistic religion that worshipped the same God as the God of the Jews and Christians, but in a different way This religion Muhammad originated was called Islam, which means “submission to the will of God”

The Monotheistic Religions As this “family tree” illustrates, the leading figures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are distantly related as descendants of Abraham (the “father” of the Hebrews)

MUSLIM SYMBOL FOR “ALLAH” Basic Ideas of Islam Followers of Islam are called Muslims, which means “one who has submitted to God” Muslims believe in the “one true God” (same as Jews and Christians) and call God “Allah” MUSLIM SYMBOL FOR “ALLAH”

Basic Ideas of Islam Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last of God’s prophets, so his word is final and unchangeable The words and teachings of Muhammad are recorded in the Qur’an (or Koran), the sacred book of Islam

How did people in Arabia respond to Muhammad’s new religion?

Many people were attracted to Islam The Hijrah By the year 613, Muhammad began preaching his new ideas in the city of Mecca Many people were attracted to Islam However, some people feared Muhammad’s popularity; they felt that Islam would spread elsewhere and Mecca would lose its status as the only holy city in Arabia

The Hijrah Some Meccans violently attacked Muhammad and his followers After several years of attacks, Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca and went to the city of Medina This migration of the Muslims to Medina was called the Hijrah

The Hijrah In Medina, Muhammad gained many more new converts These new Muslims put Islam above their families and clans One thing Muhammad taught Muslims was respect for Jews and Christians (who he called “People of the Book”)

How did Muhammad react to violence by non-Muslims in Mecca?

What did Muhammad do after he gained converts and returned to Mecca?

Muhammad’s Return To Mecca In the year 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca; he had 10,000 soldiers with him and he conquered the city

Muhammad’s Return To Mecca He destroyed all of the statues of gods in the Ka’aba, leaving only the statue for Allah This time, the people of Mecca all converted to Islam

Muhammad’s Return To Mecca Muhammad died in the year 632

What happened to Islam after Muhammad’s death?

The Islamic Empire After Muhammad, the new Muslim leaders created an empire centered on Islam The Islamic Empire was based in Arabia and their well-trained soldiers conquered neighboring regions

The Islamic Empire The massive empire they conquered led to great wealth for Muslims and opportunities to spread Islam

Match the terms from the word bank with the appropriate prophet. Compare the roles of Jesus, Moses, and Muhammad in the development of the 3 major monotheistic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Match the terms from the word bank with the appropriate prophet. Jesus Muhammad Moses