Warm-up Helping verbs: Sometimes a word that is NOT a verb comes in the middle of a verb phrase. DO NOT include it when you are asked to provide a verb phrase. Only verbs can be in VERB phrases. Samples: We will not be coming to the party. will be coming (the word not isn’t a verb) Kevin might be cautiously sneaking into the backyard. might be sneaking (the word cautiously isn’t a verb) My parents have often stayed late at work. have stayed (the word often isn’t a verb) Quizizz.com or your Quizizz app Join a game # 502989 When you finish the quizizz practice, complete all of the Greek B worksheet and study your purple notes. HOMEWORK: Quizizz # 069962 Study for both tests (grammar and word study) Study your purple notes—be sure you know all of these terms

IN YOUR SPIRAL…Find words you notice Scan the selection page by page. Choose one flag word per page. (No proper nouns! No foreign words.) Make a chart like this Try to guess what the word means When you finish, study your purple notes! Page One flag word from that page Best guess the meaning 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Using Evidence from Text How to CITE OR DOCUMENT A SOURCE HOW TO “borrow” an author’s words Intellectual property of Becci Carmack: Use with permission only.

Number one way to cite a source!!!! Use a TEXT REFERENCE! Text reference = title + author

Review: What does a text reference include? Title Quotation marks for PASS (including short stories) Underlining for everything else (novels, etc.) Important words capitalized Author Correctly capitalized

Using text references with textual evidence… In our writing, we often refer to something we have read in print or online. If we refer to this source, we use a text reference (title and author) to let our readers know what we have read. In “Two Kinds,” Amy Tan tells about the relationship between a mother and daughter. We are providing documentation of the source we have used.

Another way to cite a source— WHEN WE WANT MORE THAN JUST A REFERENCE…. Sometimes we do more that just refer to what we have read; we borrow evidence from the text we have read.

Which is evidence? Why? If we were in a court of law, which of the following would be evidence? Thumbs up=yes; thumbs down=no. The closing argument to the jury The murder weapon DNA samples The attorney’s explanations and comments Expert witness testimony

What is considered evidence in writing? Evidence=exact words from an outside source. This is similar to calling an expert witness in a trial. Respected authors can be our “expert witness” to back up ideas and explanations we have. These are the passages we use from the novel, story, article, or book in the EXACT words of the author.

What is considered evidence in writing? Evidence=exact words from an outside source. When writing an essay or paragraph, we choose passages that support a claim. These direct quotations are called internal citations or textual evidence when we use them inside a paragraph. We are providing documentation of the source we have used.

Textual evidence in writing=citation One way to think of evidence is to find a passage from text (a story, article, etc.) that proves our point. When we use this in writing with the author’s name, we call it a citation. Remember that an internal citation is just a passage taken from the text, story, or piece of writing. It is written word for word.

Rules for borrowing Have you ever borrowed something from someone else? Have you ever let someone else borrow your things? How should we treat things we borrow?

MLA format When we talk about borrowing an author’s words, there is an exact form for doing that. Anytime you use the author’s words, use this pattern. Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Example: “And once they realized how important art was to Homer, they encouraged it” (Levitt 586).

Was this evidence borrowed correctly? Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Sample: “I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way.” (Tan 23).

Was this evidence borrowed correctly? Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Sample: “I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way (Tan 23).”

Was this evidence borrowed correctly? Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Sample: “I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way” (Tan, 23).

Was this evidence borrowed correctly? Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Sample: “I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way” (Tan 23).

Was this evidence borrowed correctly? Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Sample: “But my mother’s expression was what devastated me: a quiet, blank look that said she had lost everything” (Tan 22).

Stop for practice… Let’s use “My Furthest Back Person” and practice. Turn to page 41. Find and copy three short sentences from that page; do it correctly in MLA format. Do not use any conversation. I will be around to check. Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Haley 41).

Silent Work Time In this order— 1. Do the flag word activity (word, definition in your own words, draw a picture, and cite the sentence correctly). Keep paper for tomorrow. Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Haley ##). 2. Preview the story “My Furthest-Back Person” on pages 36-45. look at the pictures/read the captions read the vocabulary words/definitions at the bottom of the pages read all 11 questions on page 45 3. Silently read the story.

STOP HERE! Next slide Lesson 1/part 2

The last piece The last part of citing a source correctly is the Work Cited source citation. This tells readers where you got the passage you used as an internal citation. (NO) SURPRISE!!!! There is a correct format for this.

Work Cited format Work Cited ___________________, _____________. “________________________________________.” (Author’s Last Name) (Author’s First Name) (Selection Title) Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.__________. Print. (Page Numbers: first with print—last with print)

Work Cited Notice the “hanging” indent! ___________________, _____________. “________________________________________.” (Author’s Last Name) (Author’s First Name) (Selection Title) Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.__________. Print. (Page Numbers) Be sure the title is in quotation marks and that title and author are capitalized correctly. Page numbers here include the entire selection. For example, a selection might read 415-468.

Did I cite my source correctly? Work Cited Work Cited ___________________, _____________. “______________________________________.” (Author’s Last Name) (Author’s First Name) (Selection Title) Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.__________. Print. (Page Numbers) Tan. Amy. “Two Kinds. Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. NJ. Prentice Hall. 8-15 . Print.

Did I cite my source correctly? Work Cited Work Cited ___________________, _____________. “______________________________________.” (Author’s Last Name) (Author’s First Name) (Selection Title) Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.__________. Print. (Page Numbers) Singer. “The Cat Who Thought She Was a Dog” Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 8-15 .

Citation Matches Work Cited Anytime you use the author’s words, use this pattern. Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). “ ……………… .” (Cummings 33). The information in the parenthesis always matches the first information in the Works Cited entry. Work Cited Cummings, Priscilla. Red Kayak. New York: ………..Scholastic Inc, 2004. Print.

Do yours now! Work Cited ___________________, _____________. “________________________________________.” (Author’s Last Name) (Author’s First Name) (Selection Title) Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.__________. Print. (Page Numbers: first with print—last with print)

When you finish your word study test… Turn it upside down on your desk. I will pick it up. Continue reading the story. See if you can finish it! Work on your purple notes or read your own book. Don’t just sit! Back of your worksheet—finish it up.

Find it…prove it! Using documentation— This story is a personal narrative. Kairaba Kunta Kinte had more than one wife. There was interesting cargo on the ship that brought Kunta to America. What college did Dr. Vansina, the language specialist, teach at? Alex Haley started getting interested in his family tree a long time ago. People in Gambia were willing to help Haley. They took people and things on the safari.

Write a narrative summary--spiral Think about the selection. Reread for greater understanding or to find evidence. Begin with this text reference sentence: Alex Haley wrote an interesting personal narrative called “My Furthest Back Person.” Since “My Furthest Back Person” is a short story, remember to use quotation marks, NOT UNDERLINING! Include information about the setting, characters, and plot in six to ten more sentences. (no opinions, please, in a summary) Use an internal citation in your paragraph! **Haley was really excited. “The thrill of that just kept hanging around in my head” (Haley 40). If you finish early, study your purple notes or read. USE YOUR WORK TIME WELL!

Find it…prove it! Using documentation— This story is a personal narrative. Kairaba Kunta Kinte had more than one wife. There was interesting cargo on the ship that brought Kunta to America. What college did Dr. Vansina, the language specialist, teach at? Alex Haley’s started getting interested in his family tree a long time ago. People in Gambia were willing to help Haley. They took people and things on the safari.

Writing Organizer Today you will be writing about the importance of family. Choose and copy ONE of the topic sentences or write your own. Our family values are important to me. My family contains interesting people. My future family will be awesome. Family can be important for several reasons. My family has an interesting past. Write your own… When you finish, sit or kneel by your desk. Fill in the right side of the organizer. Remember, to use specific ideas! *Include explanations and examples *Include places, events, people, and time *Show how and why Complete thoughts not required on this side. (bullets) Now, write the paragraph.

Silent Work Time In this order-- 1. Make sure your flag word assignment is done- ticket out at the end of class. 2. Write your family paragraph. Start with the topic sentence. 3. Silent read the rest of the story “My Furthest-Back Person.” (page 41 on) 4.Finish or add to your tradition and influential paragraphs. 5. Read your own book.

WARM-UP TIME—in this order Do the Wednesday section of your green grammar warm-up Write down the Quizizz code for tonight’s homework Complete Activity Four and Five on the Greek Roots C page Finish your cat vocabulary and study it— test today next period!!!! Write/finish the “Pets” paragraph. Pets—in your spiral brainstorm idea=* Think of your own Write a sample topic sentence about pets and add your point/opinion. Finish the paragraph.

Part Two--Documentation Review and add three new tricks! What is MLA format? (review) Text reference Textual evidence (citations) What if we cite the same source over and over? What if the sentence is really long and I don’t need the beginning part of the sentence? What if I need the beginning letter to be capitalized?

MLA format: review What is a text reference? Title and author of the source we are talking/writing about What is textual evidence (citation)? A passage from the source that proves a point I am making

MLA format: review When we talk about borrowing an author’s words, there is an exact form for doing that. Anytime you use the author’s words, use this pattern. Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Example: “And once they realized how important art was to Homer, they encouraged it” (Levitt 586).

MLA format: new information 1. When we use the SAME SOURCE multiple times, we only need to put the page number in the parentheses after the first time—unless we change sources (then we have to start over!) Example: “And once they realized how important art was to Homer, they encouraged it” (Levitt 586). “The family was quick to support him in his work” (589). “Many people appreciated the art done in his early years” (Smith 12). “Homer was a recluse for most of his later years” (Levitt 589).

Which side is correct? Pink or blue? “And once they realized how important art was to Homer, they encouraged it” (Levitt 586). “The family was quick to support him in his work” (589). “Many people appreciated the art done in his early years” (Smith 12). “Homer was a recluse for most of his later years” (589). “And once they realized how important art was to Homer, they encouraged it” (Levitt 586). “The family was quick to support him in his work” (589). “Many people appreciated the art done in his early years” (Smith 12). “He won the prize” (13). “Homer was a recluse for most of his later years” (Levitt 589).

MLA format: new information 2 MLA format: new information 2. What if we do not need the beginning of the sentence? Do it like this- The original text= I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way. Just put the quotations marks where you want to begin. Remember to copy the rest EXACTLY! “her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way” (Tan 23). CAUTION!!!!! Do not leave out too much! You must keep the core meaning of the passage!

Which side is correct. Green or blue Which side is correct? Green or blue? The text: According to studies of all the segments of the population in Southern California, a majority of Californians eat more green vegetables than any other state. “A majority of Californians eat more green vegetables than in any other state” (Smith 29). “a majority of Californians eat more green vegetables than in any other state” (Smith 29).

MLA format: new information What punctuation do we use when we make changes to the author’s original text? Brackets [ ] TODAY WE WILL LEARN ONE WAY TO USE BRACKETS.

3.What if I leave off the beginning, but I need the first letter to be capitalized now? The original text= I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way. What if you want the beginning word to start a new sentence? Any time you make changes in the author’s text, you must use brackets. Do it like this and use the bracket to show you are changing the lower case letter to an upper case one. “[H]er chest was heaving up and down in an angry way” (Tan 23).

Do you know it? Explain these to me… What is MLA format? (review) What if we cite the same source over and over? What if the sentence is really long and I don’t need the beginning part of the sentence? What if I need the beginning letter to be capitalized?

Work time—in this order *Do citations practice worksheet and get it checked. (You may use this as a guide on your graded assignment tomorrow!!!! Don’t lose it!) *Finish cat vocabulary *Finish reading the story. *Read your own book or do creative writing (story/paragraph/poem) in your spiral

Work time—in this order!!! DO FIRST Take your vocab quiz and turn it upside down on your desk. I will pick it up. Finish your citations practice! THEN DO THESE IF YOU HAVE MORE TIME Take a second look at your character notes. Finish your pet paragraph. Finish reading the story (382-392) Read your own book or write a creative piece in your spiral.

Part Three Review and add… 9/20/17: I’m changing this…but it’s in progress… Part One=basics of mla and works cited Part Two=same source multiple times and not using the beginning/brackets around the first letter if need to begin a sentence. Part three=if there are quotation marks in the original text (w/ Ribbons) 9/29/17 Part four=ellipsis and brackets for taking off the end (w/Red Kayak) Part five=ellipsis and brackets for taking out the middle (w/ Red Kayak) Part six= changing the intent (w/ Red Kayak)

MLA format: review 1) When we talk about borrowing an author’s words, there is an exact form for doing that. Anytime you use the author’s words, use this pattern. Quotation marks. Exact words. Quotation marks. Parenthesis. Author’s last name. Page number. Parenthesis. Period. “Exact words of the author” (Last 777). Example: “And once they realized how important art was to Homer, they encouraged it” (Levitt 586). 2) When we use the SAME SOURCE multiple times, we only need to put the page number in the parentheses after the first time—unless we change sources (then we have to start over!) (Herriot 392). (392). (384). (390). Use the author’s last name the first time.

MLA format: review 3) If we want to drop the first part of a sentence, we just put the quotation marks in wherever we want to begin. “since Oscar was such a friendly cat” (Herriot 392). 4) If we are starting a sentence, we may need to capitalize the first letter of the “chopped” sentence. If so, use brackets. “[S]ince Oscar was such a friendly cat” (Herriot 392).

What if there are quotation marks in the text already? If the author has used quotation marks…say for a character’s words…we replace those with single quotation marks. Our double quotation marks (”) means we are borrowing the author’s words. Single quotation marks (‘) are used to replace double ones in the text. LIKE THIS— In the text: “You want me to be someone I’m not!” I sobbed. In our citation: “ ‘You want me to be someone I’m not!’ I sobbed” (Tan 23).

Which side is correct. Green or blue. The text: “He’s mean Which side is correct? Green or blue? The text: “He’s mean!” I told my mom. “ ‘He’s mean!’ I told my mom” (Smith 29). ‘He’s mean!’ I told my mom” (Smith 29).

Which side is correct. Green or blue. The text: “He’s mean Which side is correct? Green or blue? The text: “He’s mean!” I told my mom. “He’s mean!” I told my mom” (Smith 29). “ ‘He’s mean!’ I told my mom” (Smith 29).

What did we learn today? If the author has used quotation marks…say for a character’s words…we replace those with single quotation marks. Our double quotation marks (”) means we are borrowing the author’s words. Single quotation marks (‘) are used to replace double ones in the text. “ ‘I miss Oscar’ she replied” (Herriot 393).

Part four 9/20/17: I’m changing this…but it’s in progress… Part One=basics of mla and works cited (w/My Furthest Back) Part Two=same source multiple times and not using the beginning/brackets around the first letter if need to begin a sentence. (w/ Cat on the Go) 9/25/17 Part three= REVIEW AND MASTER! ADD if there are quotation marks in the original text (w/ Ribbons and Two KInds) Part four=ellipsis and brackets for taking off the end (w/ Boy and Man) Part five=ellipsis and brackets for taking out the middle (w/ Lemon Brown) Part six=changing the intent (w/ Two Kinds) 9/29/17 Part four=ellipsis and brackets for taking off the end (w/Red Kayak) Part five=ellipsis and brackets for taking out the middle (w/ Red Kayak) Part six= changing the intent (w/ Red Kayak)

The purpose of adding a citation is to prove, emphasize, or add authority to your own ideas. The first part of that is choosing well. Choose a citation that clearly proves whatever point you are making. Sometimes you may not actually need an entire sentence or passage to make your point. MLA format allows us to focus on the section of the passage that meets our needs. (Sweet!) However, there are specific rules for this!

MLA format: review If we want to drop the first part of a sentence, we just put the quotation marks in wherever we want to begin. “since Oscar was such a friendly cat” (Herriot 392). If the author has used quotation marks…say for a character’s words…we replace those with single quotation marks. Our double quotation marks (”) means we are borrowing the author’s words. Single quotation marks (‘) are used to replace double ones in the text. “ ‘I miss Oscar’ she replied” (Herriot 393). If we are starting a sentence, we may need to capitalize the first letter of the “chopped” sentence. If so, use brackets. “[S]ince Oscar was such a friendly cat” (Herriot 392).

What punctuation do we use when we make changes to the author’s original text? Brackets [ ] TODAY WE WILL LEARN TWO MORE WAYS TO USE BRACKETS.

What if we only want to use part of the sentence What if we only want to use part of the sentence? (DIFFERENT RULE THAN TAKING OUT THE BEGINNING!!!!) Add an ellipsis to show that something has been removed from the original text. (There are two times when we use an ellipsis.) An ellipsis is three dots… If I leave something out in a citation, I add an ellipsis with brackets. Like this: “ ‘Then I wish I wasn’t your daughter […]’ I shouted” (Tan 23).

What if I want to take out some of the middle of the sentence What if I want to take out some of the middle of the sentence? This is ONE way to use […]. Put the ellipsis inside the brackets to show something has been removed. Original: I was sobbing by now, looking at her bitterly. Her chest was heaving even more and her mouth was open, smiling crazily as if she were pleased I was crying. Citation: “I was sobbing […]and her mouth was open, smiling crazily as if she were pleased I was crying” (Tan 23).

What if I want to take off the end of a sentence What if I want to take off the end of a sentence? This is the SECOND way to use […]. Put the ellipsis inside the brackets to show something has been removed. Original: I was sobbing by now, looking at her bitterly. Her chest was heaving even more and her mouth was open, smiling crazily as if she were pleased I was crying. Citation: “I was sobbing by now, looking at her bitterly. Her chest was heaving even more […]” (Tan 23).

NEVER USE A BRACKET WITH ELLIPSIS… AT THE BEGINNING OF A QUOTED PASSAGE!!! NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!! “[…] as if she were pleased I was crying” (20).

Yikes!!! Never change the meaning of the original text. Original: She lifted me up from the piano bench. I was sobbing by now, looking at her bitterly. Her chest was heaving even more and her mouth was open, smiling crazily as if she were pleased I was crying. “She lifted me up […] as if she were pleased […]” (Tan 23). Remember, taking out too much text can not only reduce effectiveness, but can be considered plagiarism if the author’s intent is changed!