Chapter 12 Soils.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 12 Soils

Soils Although soil is a part of the lithosphere – the land, we will cover it now with a focus on the soil/water interaction. Forming Factors Geologic Climatic Topographic Biological Chronological Components Inorganic Organic Soil Air & Water Properties Color Texture Structure Moisture Aroma

Zone of Plant Growth & Interface Soil is a thin surface layer that of mineral and organic material that is capable of supporting plants It is characterized by its ability to produce and store plant nutrients due to water, air, sunlight, rocks, plants, & animals It functions as an inter-face between atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

Soil and Regolith Soil is the topmost layer of the regolith Average depth 6 in. Composition: Weathered mineral particles Decaying organic matter Living organisms Gases Liquid solutions

Weathering Ocean worked rock - 8 feet high – Tumbo Island

Soil-Forming Factors There are five soil-forming factors: Geologic Climatic Topographic Biological Chronological

Soil Development

Geologic Factor Parent material Disintegrated, decomposed near Earth’s surface Influences characteristics of soil Over time, significance of parent material diminishes Large particles=porous soil Minute particles=fine textured soil

Climatic Factor Temperature Moisture Processes accelerated by higher temps & moisture Slowed down by low temp and lack of moisture Moisture moves materials around – vertically and horizontally

Topographic Factor: Erosion Slope and drainage enable: Lowering of bottom layer Lowering of top layer-erosion

Topographic Factor: Slope Flat land = slow erosion = deepest soils Steep slope = fast erosion = thin soil

Biological Factor: Animals Soil= ½ mineral ½ air and water Living and dead plants, animals make it more than dirt

Chronological Factor Develops from sediments quickly From bedrock slowly Warm moist environment promotes soil development

Soil Components Inorganic Materials Organic Matter Soil Air Soil Water

Pore Spaces

Soil Water

Forms of Soil Moisture

Eluviation and Illuviation

Idealized Soil Profile