DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-16.

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Presentation transcript:

DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-16

Recap of Lecture 15 Types of Digital-To-Digital Encoding Unipolar Encoding Polar Encoding Bipolar Encoding

Overview of Lecture 16 Analog-to-Digital Conversion Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Quantization Binary Encoding Digital-To-Digital Conversion

Conversion Methods

Types of Digital-to-Digital Encoding Digital/Digital Encoding Unipolar Polar Bipolar

Example 5.1 Using B8ZS, encode the bit stream 10000000000100. Assume that the polarity of the first 1 is positive.

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) First step in Analog-to-Digital Conversion This technique takes an Analog signal, Samples it, and Generates a series series of Pulses based on the results of Sampling

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Modifies pulses created by PAM Four Separate Processes: PAM Quantization Binary Encoding Digital/Digital Encoding

Quantization Quantization is a method of assigning integral values in a specific range to the sampled instances

Quantization

Binary Encoding

Result of PCM

Full PCM Process

Sampling Rate How many samples are sufficient? Nyquist theorem: The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency

Sampling Rate

Bit Rate

Summary Analog-to-Digital Conversion Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Quantization Binary Encoding Digital-To-Digital Conversion

Suggested Reading Section 5.2, “Data Communications and Networking” 2nd Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan