Chapter 9 The Media
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
The Media and Politics Freedom of the Press The United States versus Europe Freedom of Information Act Newspapers Radio and Television Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Journalism in American Political History I:A-H The Party Press The Popular Press Magazines of Opinion Electronic Journalism The Internet Bettmann/Corbis Before television and the Internet, news came by radio, as here in 1939. p. 292 Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Journalism in American political history I:A:1 The Party Press The Popular Press Magazines of opinion Electronic Journalism The Internet
Summation Print media – newspaper, magazine, etc. Oldest, being steadily replaced Electronic Media – radio, TV TV now is the primary source of news Internet – instant information, any time Replacing print and electronic media Blogs (short for Web Log) 527’s – groups that independently raise money and campaign for and against candidates
Powerlineblog.com. Reprinted with permission. Blogs, both conservative and liberal, have become an important form of political advertising. p. 289 As appeared on www.dailykos.com. Reprinted with permission. Copyright © 2011 Cengage
The Structure of the Media II:A-B Degree of Competition The National Media Gatekeeper Scorekeeper Watchdog Replace with jpeg, p. 294 Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Libel v Slander Both are forms of defamation. Slander: remark that is heard by another, which injures the subject’s reputation or character. Libel: Same as slander, but when it is placed in publication (including radio, audio, or video). Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Structure of the Media II:A-B Degree of competition Newspapers Radio and TV National Media Consists of many parts Significance Roles played by national press
Agenda Setting Policy Agenda: Set of issues, problems, or subjects that gets the attention of/is viewed as important by people involved in policymaking. The media raises awareness or provides information to public to mobilize action or get the attention of policymakers. Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Rules Governing the Media III:A-C Newspapers – least governmental regulation Radio and TV – most governmental regulation Confidentiality of Sources Regulating Broadcasting Campaigning Bebeto Matthews/AP Photo Activists urge Congress to pass a law shielding reporters from being required to testify about their sources. p. 296 Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
The FCC Federal Communications Commission Controls the media, no one may operate radio or TV stations without their license Who are they? – 5 members (no more than 3 from the same political party) nominated by US President for 5 years.
Other Regulations Equal-time rule: If a station sells time to one candidate for office, it must be willing to sell equal time to opposing candidates. Right-of-reply rule: If a person is attacked on a broadcast, that person has the right to reply over that same station. Political-editorializing rule: If a broadcaster endorses a candidate, the opposing candidate has a right to reply Fairness doctrine: requires broadcasters to give time to opposing views if they broadcast a program giving one side of a controversial issue. (practiced by choice)
Media Conglomerates WHO OWNS THE NEWS??? WHO OWNS INFORMATION?
Media Conglomerates Gannet owns USA Today and controls the biggest circulation in the nation + owns 100 additional papers Rupert Murdoch owns 124 radio stations, New York Post, Weekly Standard, and FOX News. In 2008 he acquired the Wall Street Journal.
Case Study - Viacom Media Conglomerate – Viacom CBS News MTV VH1 BET Blockbuster Paramount Pictures Nickelodeon DreamWorks Showtime
FCC “Friends” Many push the freedom of speech & FCC must monitor their activities Howard Stern “Man Cow” Eminem
Telecommunications Act of 1996 Relaxed limitations on media ownership Own up to 35% of television market Own unlimited % of radio Remember Andrew Carnegie and Horizontal Integration???
Are the National Media Biased? IV:A-C A liberal majority Neutral and objective? Routine stories Feature stories Insider stories Media’s influence Selective attention Hillaryclinton.com Spanish-speaking voters have become so important that candidates, such as Hillary Clinton, run Spanish web sites. p. 299 Mental tune-out: citizen simply ignores or gets irritated by messages that are not in accord with existing beliefs
Figure 12.2 Public Perception of Accuracy in the Media Replace with jpeg, p. 302 Source: Pew Research Center, “The People and the Press” (August 2007). Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Government and the News V:A-E Prominence of the president Coverage of Congress Why do we have so many news leaks? Sensationalism in the Media Government constraints on journalists Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Copyright © 2011 Cengage
p. 303 Copyright © 2011 Cengage
Brown Brothers When President Theodore Roosevelt cultivated the media, reporters usually were unknown and poorly paid. p. 304 Copyright © 2011 Cengage
In 1933, White House press conferences were informal affairs, as when reporters gathered around Franklin Roosevelt’s desk in the Oval Office. Bettmann/Corbis Today, there are huge gatherings held in a special conference room, as on the right. p. 305 Copyright © 2011 Cengage JASON REED/Reuters/Landov
©1991 Dana Fradon/The New Yorker Collection from cartoonbank. com ©1991 Dana Fradon/The New Yorker Collection from cartoonbank.com. All Rights Reserved. p. 306 Copyright © 2011 Cengage