Phylum Annelida The Segmented Worms

Phylum Level Characteristics round segmented (repeated body units containing similar structures) bilateral symmetry, hydrostatic skeleton complete digestive system Eg. earthworms, leeches

Coelom -coelem forms from mesoderm Creates space for the organs to grow and move Sdsddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss s

Digestive System specialized areas/organs present: crop: stores food gizzard: grinds food pharynx: connects mouth with digestive tract (gut) Intestine: where nutrients are absorbed

Respiratory System Aquatic annelids often breathe through gills Other annelids take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide through their skin Skin must be moist for gas exchange to be possible If worms dry out they suffocate and DIE!!

Circulatory System closed system Typically, 2 blood vessels run length of body Dorsal: blood moves towards head Ventral: blood moves towards tail necessary to provide glucose and oxygen to all cells of a fairly active animal

Excretory System Solid wastes pass out through anus Metabolic wastes excreted by nephridia (like small kidneys) in each segment

Nervous System Brain sits at front of body Ventral nerve cord runs entire length of worm Many different types of sense organs depending on species

Movement 2 groups of muscles: 1. longitudinal-makes worm short and then long 2. lateral, circular-makes worm fat then thin Setae- Hairlike anchors

Movement http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/animations/Earthworm.swf

Reproduction A few reproduce asexually by budding Most reproduce sexually Some species have separate sexes and external fertilization Coordinate the release of eggs and sperm to increase the chances of successful fertilization Done by aquatic annelids

Reproduction Earthworms and leeches are hermaphrodites: 1. the two worms attach themselves to each other 2. worms exchange sperm and it is stored 3. sperm fertilizes eggs internally in clitellum (mucous ring) 4. clitellum slips off worm’s body into soil (holding fertilized eggs) and becomes a cocoon