4.2 -Atomic Structure Theory

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Presentation transcript:

4.2 -Atomic Structure Theory

The Atom Atoms – the smallest part of an element that cannot be broken down by chemical reaction. - The basic unit of all matter

Actual Mass The Atomic Mass Unit (amu) is a standardized unit to measure atomic mass. Carbon -12 is used as the standard. 1/12th of a Carbon-12 atom is 1 amu. Proton – 1.007276 amu Neutron – 1.008665 amu Electron - .0005486 amu

Subatomic Particles Neutron (n0) – neutrally charged particle making up the nucleus of the atom. Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (amu) Proton (p+) – positively charged particles making up the nucleus of the atom. Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (amu) Electron (e-) – Negatively charged particle found in energy levels outside the nucleus. Mass is negligible – not significant

Chart Particles Charge Mass Location Protons Positive 1 amu In Nucleus Neutron Neutral Electrons Negative Negligible Out of Nucleus

Atomic Number - number of protons in an atom. All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number All neutral atoms have equal protons and electrons The number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number

Mass Number Mass Number – the total number of protons and neutrons in an isotope of an atom. Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons Ex. U-238 Isotopes – are atoms of the same element with a different mass number Ex. Pb – 210 vs. Pb – 206

Isotopes Example Three types of Hydrogen Protium – 1 proton, 0 neutrons Deutrium – 1 proton, 1 neutron Tritium – 1 proton, 2 neutron (radioactive)

Isotopes Mass = P + N C 12 12 = 6p + 6n C 14 14 = 6p + 8n U-234 92 p + __________n U-235 ___p + __________n U-238 ___p + __________n

Atomic Mass Atomic Mass – the atomic mass of an element is the average mass of the isotopes of that element in a natural sample. Ex. Carbon = 12.011 amu Boron 11 – 80.0% Boron 10 – 20.0% Calculate Atomic Mass:

Atomic Mass of Boron – 10.8amu

B.5 Counting Subatomic Particles Element Name Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number Number of protons Number of Neutrons Number of Electrons a. Hydrogen b. Sodium 12 c. Boron 5 d. B 6 e. 115 77 f. Pa 140