علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

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علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Ali Reza Tasseeri – Javad Al Aemeh Cardiac Center علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

Estimated Deaths Due to Medical Error This figure comes from the Philadelphia Inquirer. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد 2

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Statistical Study This is more than the number of people who die each year either on the Highways accidents , Breast cancer or AIDS. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد According to one study more than 1,000,000 peoples in the US injured in hospitals each year from medical errors. In another study ICU patient experience two medical errors per day. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

The Top Five Most Frequent Medical Errors Surgery errors Medication errors Patient falls Nasocomial infection Pressure ulcers National patient safety benchmarking center علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

1600 sentinel event review by JCAHO Patient suicide 16.7% Operative complications 12.1% Medication errors 11.6% Wrong-site surgeries 11% Patient fall 5.1% علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Patient received an average of 12-15 dose/day. Nurses spend 30% - 40% of their time on medication management. ( Adjust of consumption ) علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد The reports said the cost of medical mistakes, and production cost of disability and health care , totally is about 17 to 29 milliard $ a year. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد A staggering cost of each ADE (Adverse Drug Event) is about $ 4685 - Following medication protocols - ECG - Hospitalization - Cardiac monitoring - Lab investigations - … علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

Medication Error Root Analysis Reviewing the process: Ordering. Prescribing. Transcribing. Dispensing . Administration . Monitoring . علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Ordering 52% Dispensing 5% Others 5% Administration 32% Transcribing 6% علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

5 th. Annual study ,the US pharmacopoeia 2003 CAUSE OF ERROR % IN 235,000 M.E Procedure/ protocol not follow 18.3 % Transcription inaccurate/ Omitted 13.2 % Computer entry 13 % Documentation inadequate or lacking 12 % علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد CAUSE OF ERROR % IN 235,000 M.E Knowledge deficit 11.3% Communication 7.8% Written order 5.3% علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد CAUSE OF ERROR % IN 235,000 CASES Dispensing device problem 4.2 % Abbreviations 3.5 % System safeguard inadequate or lacking 3.2 % علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد CAUSE OF REEOR % IN 235,000 CASES Illegible or unclear handwriting 2.9 % Inadequate monitoring 2.6 % Dosage from confusion 2.2 % Fax / scanner problem 1.9 % علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد How ,what, why in a medication error incidence is very important than who did the error. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

High Alert Medications 20 items of drugs are responsible for 80% of Medication Errors. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

High Alert Medications Adernergic agonists IV ( Epinephrine ) Adernergic antagonist IV (Inderal) Anesthetics agents ( Paralyzer ) Cardioplegic solutions. Chemotherapic agents. Hypertonic dextrose. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

High Alert Medications Epidural or intratheracheal medications Hypoglycemic : (Insulin) Inotropics: (Dopamine) Moderate sedations Thrombolitics:( Heparin ) Total parenteral nutrition solutions :(TPN) علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Bar code label Rule Bar code scanning equipment , similar to that used to make sure that the right dose and route of administration is given to the patient at right time. The VA medical center in Houston Topeka , ken has reported bar coding reduced its medication error rate by 86% over a nine year period. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد The medication errors are reduced by 66% when a senior pharmacist accompanies physicians on rounds in an intensive care unit. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

Computerized Physician Order Benefits PCCU 13,825 Medication orders علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد PCCU Findings : Adverse drugs effects were reduced 40.9% Medication prescribing errors were reduced 99.4% Rule violations were reduced 97.9% علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

Some recommendation for reducing the Medication Errors Use of computerized ordering system which is capable of warning of drug interaction and overdoses. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Standardize ordering, preparation and administration of high – alert medications. Closely monitor the effect of the medication with patient monitoring and lab values. Standardize abbreviations e.g.: units not u 2 not 2.0 0.5 not .5 mcgr or mgr علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Even according to some hospital policy not allowed to write BID , TID , … instead of drug frequency per day. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Rely more on pharmacists to advise physicians in prescribing medication. Improve or add warning on medications with higher potential for harm such as insulin, narcotics and potassium. Limit access to high – alert medication. (remove its from floor stock) علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Use the bar – coding system. Allow verbal only under certain circumstances. Improve incident reporting system. ( OVA ) علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Change poor quality of carbon copies of physician order sheet. Don’t forget, resolve medication errors need to multidisciplinary action by Nurses , , physicians, pharmacists and sometimes patients. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد The physicians should arrange to do their unit round as a team , and before ordering check 7 rights as nurses. The doctors are Suggested to visit the elective cases not in nurses handover time as much as possible. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Medication administration times should change from handover times to some times else. e.g.: 5- 1- 9 instead of 6-2-10. During doctor’s round ,physicians should review the patient’s medication profile. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد While reporting a medication error try to focus to WHAT incidence happened and HOW and WHY it happened instead of WHO did this mistake. علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد

علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد Do medication countersign immediately after medication administration special in stat dose of medicine. In regent situation such CPR, one nurse is responsible for medicine administrations , or you can write the medications in a piece of paper then transcribe the verbal medication orders ,… to medication profiles as soon as possible علیرضا تسعیری - بیمارستان قلب و عروق جوادالائمه (ع) مشهد