Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: Schematic view of comprehensive seismic response analysis

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: (a) The location of the target pipeline, observation points, and assumed fault. The 12 black dots indicate subfaults of the assumed earthquake. The dotted line is the domain of the earthquake ground motion simulation. Pi (i = 1–7) indicate observation points. P4 indicates the target site. (b) Target pipeline with soil structure. The white line indicates the target pipeline, located at P4, and the contour map shows the elevation of the interface between the soft layer and the bedrock (elevation of the ground surface is 72 m).

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: (a) Three-dimensional crust model for computing earthquake ground motion with a fault rupture process and wave propagation. (b) Three-dimensional finite element model of the white rectangular part in (a).

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: Wave profiles and Fourier spectrum in NS directions at each observation point. (a) and (b) Wave profiles, the frequency components of which (i.e., <0.5 and 2.5 Hz) were cut off with a high-cut filter. (c) The Fourier spectrum of the wave profile.

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: Contour map of the elevation of the three-dimensional crust model

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: (a) Three-dimensional soil structure model. The white line indicates the target region and pipeline. A fictitious ground structure is added around the target region to remove reflected waves from the sides. (b) Composition of model. (c) Close-up view of finite element model.

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: Distribution of the time history norm of displacement and its maximum distribution

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: Distribution of the time history maximum principal strain and its maximum distribution

Date of download: 11/2/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Comprehensive Seismic Response Analysis for Estimating the Seismic Behavior of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Ground Motion and Soil Amplification J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2016;138(5):051801-051801-8. doi:10.1115/1.4033250 Figure Legend: Maximum axial tensile strain along the pipeline (color contour) and depth distribution of the interface between the soft layer and the bedrock (black and white contour). These strains were computed from soil amplification analysis using wave profiles observed at P4 and P7.