Summary of Slide Content Trends in Mortality…………………………………………………Slides 4-16 Years of Life Lost…………………………………………………….Slides 17-19 Low Birthweight……………………………………………………..Slides 20-23 Self-Reported Health………………………………………………Slides 24-27 Health Behaviors…………………………………………………….Slides 28-40 Smoking Obesity Excessive Drinking Teen Birth Rate Health Insurance………………………………………………………Slides 41-47 Children in Poverty…………………………………………………..Slide 48 Age-Adjusted Death Rates………………………………..………Slides 49-51

How to Interpret the Graphs Gender Each slide depicts trend differences by either gender, race, geography, or social and economic factors, as shown by the heading. The trend lines identify change over time for the given indicator (in this case, the rates of infant death per 1,000 live births). The legends just below the graphs show the subgroup and the specific annual rate of change for each subgroup in percentage terms. In this example, male infant mortality has declined by an average of 1.0% per year over the past 10 years, while female infant mortality has declined by an average of 0.5% per year. Green lines indicate improving trends and red lines indicate worsening trends. A yellow line indicates no change. All trend lines represent regression lines, not actual data points. Males: -1.0% Females: -0.5%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 1-24) Gender Males: -2.7% Females: -1.7% Over ten years, male and female death rates for individuals ages 1-24 have been improving. The male death rate has been declining at an average rate of 2.7% per year, and the female rate at an average rate of 1.7% per year. Males: -2.7% Females: -1.7%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 1-24) Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -1.9% Black Trend: -3.9% American Indian Trend: -4.2% Over ten years, death rates for individuals ages 1-24 of all races have been improving, except for Hispanics who have had a constant rate over the past 10 years. But the rates of improvement vary considerably. For example, the death rate of Asians ages 1-24 has been declining at an average rate of 12.8% per year, while the death rate of Blacks ages 1-24 has been declining at an average rate of 3.9% per year. Asian Trend: -12.8% Hispanic Trend: -0.5%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 1-24) Geography Rural Trend: -3.1% Non-Urban Trend: -2.7% Over ten years, death rates for individuals ages 1-24 have been improving for individuals living in all geographic areas. Suburban Trend: -1.8% Urban Trend: -1.9%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 25-64) Gender Male Trend: +0.1% Over ten years, the death rates for both males and females ages 25-64 have been constant. Male Trend: +0.1% Female Trend: +0.1%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 25-64) Race/Ethnicity White Trend: +0.1% Black Trend: -0.7% American Indian Trend: -0.8% Over the past 10 years, death rates for individuals of Black, American Indian and Hispanic races ages 25-64 have been improving, while rates for Whites have been constant and have worsened slightly for Asians. In spite of their improving trends, these graphs demonstrates the magnitude of the persisting gap in the rates of death for working age Blacks and American Indians in Wisconsin compared with members of other racial and ethnic groups. Asian Trend: +0.7% Hispanic Trend: -0.9%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 25-64) Geography Rural Trend: +0.4% Non-Urban Trend: +0.3% Over ten years, the death rate for individuals ages 25-64 who are living in urban areas has been improving, while the rates for all other geographic groups have remained constant. Suburban Trend: +0.2% Urban Trend: -0.6%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 65+) Gender Male Trend: -1.0% Over ten years, death rates for males age 65+ have been improving (an average rate of change of 1% per year), whereas death rates for females have been fairly constant. Male Trend: -1.0% Female Trend: -0.4%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 65+) Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -0.6% Black Trend: -0.8% American Indian Trend: -1.1% Death rates for all races ages 65+, except for Hispanics and Asians, have been improving. This graph demonstrates the magnitude of the gap that remains in death rates for different races, with Asians and Hispanics having lower death rates than Whites, Blacks, and American Indians. Asian Trend: +0.1% Hispanic Trend: +1.5%

Death Rate per 100,000 (ages 65+) Geography Rural Trend: -0.2% Non-Urban Trend: -0.4% Over ten years, death rates among individuals ages 65+ living in suburban and urban areas have been improving, while death rates among individuals 65+ living in rural and non-urban areas have remained constant. Suburban Trend: -0.8% Urban Trend: -1.0%

Infant Death Rate per 1,000 Live Births Gender Over ten years, male and female infant death rates per 1,000 live births have been improving. Males: -1.0% Females: -0.5%

Infant Death Rate per 1,000 Live Births Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -0.3% Black Trend: -2.3% American Indian Trend: +0.5% Infant death rates are improving for Black and Hispanic babies, remaining constant for White and American Indian babies, and worsening for babies of other races. Additionally, even though the rate of infant deaths is improving for Black babies, the magnitude of the gap that remains for infant death rates for Blacks in Wisconsin compared to individuals of other racial and ethnic groups is staggering. Hispanic Trend: -2.5% Other Trend: +2.1%

Infant Death Rate per 1,000 Live Births Geography Rural Trend: -0.6% Non-Urban Trend: -1.8% Infant death rates for individuals living in all geographic areas except for suburban areas have been improving over the last ten years. Suburban Trend: +1.2% Urban Trend: -1.4%

Infant Death Rate per 1,000 Live Births Socioeconomic Factors (Mother’s Education) Less than High School Trend: +0.4% High School Trend: -0.3% Infant death rates for those cases in which the mother has a college education have been improving over the last ten years, whereas rates for those in which the mother has a high school education or less have had constant rates. Even so, this graph demonstrates the magnitude of the gap that remains in rates of infant death for individuals with less than a high school degree compared to individuals with higher levels of education. College Graduate Trend: -1.1%

Age-Adjusted Years of Life Lost (<75) Rate per 100,000 Gender Over ten years, males’ rate of years of life lost has been improving, while females’ rate of years of life lost has remained constant. Males: -0.6% Females: -0.2%

Age-Adjusted Years of Life Lost (<75) Rate per 100,000 Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -0.3% Black Trend: -1.2% American Indian Trend: -1.4% The rates of years of life lost for Blacks, American Indians, Asians, and Hispanics have been improving over the last ten years; the rate of years of life lost for Whites has held constant. Even so, this graph demonstrates the magnitude of the gap that remains in years of life lost for Blacks and American Indians in Wisconsin compared with individuals of other racial and ethnic groups. Asian Trend: -1.0% Hispanic Trend: -1.3%

Age-Adjusted Years of Life Lost (<75) Rate per 100,000 Geography Rural Trend: -0.2% Non-Urban Trend: -0.4% The rate of years of life lost for individuals living in urban areas has been improving, whereas rates for individuals living in rural, non-urban and suburban locations have held constant throughout the past ten years. Suburban Trend: +0.0% Urban Trend: -0.9%

Low Birthweight (%) Gender Males: +0.1% Females: +0.3% Over ten years, low birthweight rates for both males and females have remained constant. Males: +0.1% Females: +0.3%

Low Birthweight (%) Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -0.1% Black Trend: +0.1% American Indian Trend: +0.1% The low birthweight rates for Whites, Blacks, American Indians, and Hispanics have remained constant over the last ten years. In contrast, the low birthweight rate for other races has worsened over the past 10 years. Importantly, these graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains in low birthweight rates for Blacks in Wisconsin compared with individuals of other racial and ethnic groups. Hispanic Trend: +0.2% Other Trend: +1.0%

Low Birthweight (%) Geography Rural Trend: -1.3% Non-Urban Trend: +0.2% The low birthweight rate for individuals living in rural areas has improved during the past ten years, whereas the low birthweight rates for all other geographic areas have remained constant. Suburban Trend: +0.5% Urban Trend: +0.4%

Low Birthweight (%) Socioeconomic Factors (Mother’s Education) Less than High School Trend: -0.2% High School Trend: +0.7% The low birthweight rate for mothers who have a high school level of education has worsened over the last ten years; the rates have remained constant for mothers who have less than a high school education and for those who have a college degree. These graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains in low birthweight rates for mothers who have less than a high school degree in Wisconsin compared with individuals who have higher levels of education. College Graduate Trend: +0.2%

Adults with Fair or Poor Health (%) Gender Over ten years, the rates of both male and female adults who report they are in fair or poor health have worsened. Males: +3.7% Females: +1.8%

Adults with Fair or Poor Health (%) Race / Ethnicity The rate of adults who report they are in fair or poor health has worsened for both White and Black adults over the last ten years. These graphs demonstrates the magnitude of the gap that remains in self-reported fair or poor health rates for Blacks in Wisconsin compared with Whites. White Trend: +2.1% Black Trend: +6.0%

Adults with Fair or Poor Health (%) Geography Rural Trend: +1.4% Non-Urban Trend: +3.0% The rate of adults reporting they are in fair or poor health has worsened for individuals living in all geographic areas. Suburban Trend: +3.2%% Urban Trend: +3.6%

Adults with Fair or Poor Health (%) Socioeconomic Factors Less than High School Trend: +1.5% High School Trend: +2.4% The rate of adults who report they are in fair or poor health has worsened over the last ten years for individuals who have less than a college degree. The rate of adults with a college degree who report they are in fair or poor health has remained constant. These graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains in self-reported fair or poor health rates for individuals with less than a high school degree in Wisconsin compared with individuals who have higher levels of education. College Graduate Trend: +0.3%

Adult Smoking (%) Gender Males: -1.4% Females: -0.6% Over ten years, the adult smoking rate for both males and females has been improving. Males: -1.4% Females: -0.6%

Adult Smoking (%) Race/ Ethnicity White Trend: -1.4% Black Trend: +0.8% While the adult smoking rate for those who identify as White or Other has been improving, the adult smoking rate for those who identify as Black has been worsening. These graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains in adult smoking rates for Blacks in Wisconsin compared with individuals of other racial and ethnic groups. College Graduate Trend: -1.6%

Adult Smoking (%) Geography Rural Trend: -0.1% Non-Urban Trend: -2.1% The adult smoking rates for individuals living in non-urban and suburban areas have been improving over the last ten years, while the rates for individuals living in rural and urban areas have remained constant. Suburban Trend: -3.0% Urban Trend: -0.2%

Adult Smoking (%) Socioeconomic Factors Less than High School Trend: +2.2% High School Trend: -1.9% The adult smoking rates for individuals who have earned a high school degree or greater have been improving over the last ten years, whereas the rate for individuals who have less than a high school degree has been worsening. This graph demonstrates the magnitude of the gap that remains in smoking rates for individuals who have less than a high school degree in Wisconsin compared with individuals who have earned a high school degree or greater. College Graduate Trend: -3.9%

Adult Obesity Gender Males: +2.0% Females: +3.1% Over ten years, adult obesity rates for males and females have worsened. Males: +2.0% Females: +3.1%

Adult Obesity Race/Ethnicity White Trend: +2.7% Black Trend: +1.4% Over ten years, adult obesity rates for Whites and Blacks have worsened. These graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains in adult obesity rates for Blacks in Wisconsin compared with Whites. White Trend: +2.7% Black Trend: +1.4%

Adult Obesity Geography Rural Trend: +3.2% Non-Urban Trend: +2.7% Adult obesity rates for individuals living in all geographic areas have worsened over the last ten years. Suburban Trend: +2.3% Urban Trend: +3.4%

Adult Obesity Socioeconomic Factors Less than High School Trend: +3.6% Adult obesity rates for individuals with varying levels of education have worsened over the last ten years. College Graduate Trend: +2.1%

Adult Excessive Drinking (%) Gender Over ten years, the rate of excessive drinking for adult males has been improving, whereas the rate of excessive drinking for adult females has worsened. Males: -1.9% Females: +0.9%

Adult Excessive Drinking (%) Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -1.0% Black Trend: +0.3.% American Indian Trend: +0.2% During the past ten years, the rates of adult excessive drinking for Whites and Asians have been improving, rates for Blacks and American Indians have held constant, and the rate for Hispanics has worsened. These graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains in adult excessive drinking rates for American Indians and Hispanics in Wisconsin compared with individuals of other racial and ethnic groups. Asian Trend: -12.5% Hispanic Trend: +3.1%

Adult Excessive Drinking (%) Geography Rural Trend: -0.3% Non-Urban Trend: -1.5% Adult excessive drinking rates for those living in non-urban and urban areas have been improving over the last ten years. The rate for those living in rural areas has remained constant, whereas the rate of excessive drinking for those living in suburban areas has worsened. Suburban Trend: +1.3% Urban Trend: -3.3%

Adult Excessive Drinking (%) Socioeconomic Factors Less than High School Trend: -7.3% High School Trend: -2.6% The rates of adult excessive drinking have been improving for individuals of varying levels of education. College Graduate Trend: -0.9%

Teen Birth Rate per 1,000 Females (Ages 15-19) Geography Rural Trend: -2.9% Non-Urban Trend: -4.6% The teen birth rates for females living in all geographic areas have been improving over the last ten years. Even so, these graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains in teen birth rates for females living in Wisconsin’s urban areas compared with individuals living in other geographic locations. Suburban Trend: -4.5% Urban Trend: -6.3%

Population (ages 0-17) without Health Insurance during Past Year (%) Gender Over the past ten years, health insurance rates for males and females ages 0-17 have been improving. Males: -1.6% Females: -3.0%

Population (ages 0-17) without Health Insurance during Past Year (%) Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -1.0% Black Trend: -24.3% American Indian Trend: -4.6% Over ten years, health insurance rates for all races of individuals ages 0-17 have been improving, except for those who identify as falling within a racial group not outlined in the above graphs. Asian Trend: -5.4% Other Trend: +6.8%

Population (ages 0-17) without Health Insurance during Past Year (%) Geography Rural Trend: -5.7% Non-Urban Trend: -2.3% Health insurance rates for individuals ages 0-17 living in all geographic areas have been improving over the last ten years. Suburban Trend: -3.6% Urban Trend: -2.6%

Population (ages 18-64) without Health Insurance During Past Year (%) Gender Over the past ten years, health insurance rates for males ages 18-64 have worsened, while health insurance rates for females have remained constant. Males: +1.6% Females: +0.0%

Population (ages 18-64) without Health Insurance During Past Year (%) Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -0.5% Black Trend: -1.6% American Indian Trend: -3.4% Over ten years, the health insurance rates for all races ages 18-64 have been improving, except for Whites who have had a constant rate. Still, these graphs highlight the magnitude of the gap that remains for Hispanic and Black individuals in Wisconsin compared with individuals of other racial and ethnic groups. Hispanic Trend: -3.8% Other Trend: -5.1%

Population (ages 18-64) without Health Insurance During Past Year (%) Geography Rural Trend: -0.5% Non-Urban Trend: -0.8% The health insurance rates for individuals ages 18-64 who are living in rural and urban geographic locations have remained constant over the last ten years, while rates for those living in non-urban and suburban areas have been improving. Suburban Trend: -4.2% Urban Trend: -0.4%

Population (ages 18-64) without Health Insurance During Past Year (%) Socioeconomic Factors Less than High School Trend: -2.0% High School Trend: -0.6% The health insurance rate for individuals ages 18-64 who have a college degree has been worsening over the last ten years, whereas rates have been improving for individuals who have a high school degree or less. Even so, these graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains for individuals in Wisconsin who have less than a high school degree compared with those who have higher levels of education. College Graduate Trend: +0.9%

Children in Poverty (%) Gender Child poverty rates for children in households with only a male present have worsened over the past ten years, while rates for children in households with only a female present have improved. However, tremendous disparities exist between these two groups. Males: +5.4% Females: -0.9%

Children in Poverty (%) Race Although trend data for children in poverty rates broken down by race is not available, looking at average rates of children in poverty by race from 2006-2010, reveals tremendous disparities between racial groups, with Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native and Hispanic children being the most disadvantaged, having the largest percentage of children in poverty. When rates are examined by looking at all of the children in poverty in Wisconsin, White children have the highest percentage. This is because most children in Wisconsin are White (80%).

Children in Poverty (%) Geography Rural Trend: +4.8% Non-Urban Trend: +4.6% Child poverty rates for children living in all geographic locations have worsened over the last ten years. Suburban Trend: +4.3% Urban Trend: +2.3%

Age-Adjusted Death Rate per 100,000 Gender Over ten years, the age-adjusted death rate for males has been improving, while the rate for females has stayed constant. Males: -0.8% Females: -0.3%

Age-Adjusted Death Rate per 100,000 Race/Ethnicity White Trend: -0.5% Black Trend: -0.8% American Indian Trend: -1.1% Over ten years, the age-adjusted death rates for Blacks and American Indians have been improving. The rates for Asians and Whites have held steady, while the rate for Hispanics has worsened. Even so, these graphs demonstrate the magnitude of the gap that remains for Blacks and American Indians in Wisconsin compared with individuals of other racial and ethnic groups. Asian Trend: +0.1% Hispanic Trend: +0.8%

Age-Adjusted Death Rate per 100,000 Geography Rural Trend: -0.2% Non-Urban Trend: -0.3% Over ten years, the age-adjusted death rate has been improving for individuals living in suburban and urban areas. The rate has remained constant for individuals living in rural and non-urban areas. Suburban Trend: -0.6% Urban Trend: -0.9%

Current health trends in health outcomes and health factors are markedly different for various subgroups within the state’s population. Efforts to improve health in Wisconsin must consider the full array of factors that influence how long and how well we live. They must begin with an analysis of the circumstances that may produce longer, healthier lives for some – but not all – of the state’s residents.

Funding for this project was provided by the Wisconsin Partnership Program , UW School of Medicine and Public Health.

Contact Information University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute Department of Population Health Sciences University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health 575 WARF Building 610 Walnut Street Madison, WI 53726-2397   http://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu