Effect of print layer height and printer type on the accuracy of 3-dimensional printed orthodontic models Christian S. Favero, Jeryl D. English, Benjamin.

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Effect of print layer height and printer type on the accuracy of 3-dimensional printed orthodontic models Christian S. Favero, Jeryl D. English, Benjamin E. Cozad, John O. Wirthlin, Megan M. Short, F. Kurtis Kasper American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Volume 152, Issue 4, Pages 557-565 (October 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012 Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A, STL file of a maxillary arch; B, master STL file of the maxillary arch used to print 3D models at layer heights of 25, 50, and 100 μm from a single SLA printer; C, object orientation in relation to the build platform and build direction; D, photograph of the actual 3D printed part shown as an STL file in B. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Representative superimposition of a scanned resin model and master file. Colors represent deviations of the scanned model from the master file (scale bar ranges from −0.25 to 0.25 mm). American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Detail of deviation of a scanned resin model and master file as visualized through superimposition. Colors represent deviations of the scanned model from the master file (scale bar ranges from −0.25 to 0.25 mm). American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Average absolute deviations associated with each print layer height group investigated (25, 50, and 100 μm) using a single SLA printer. Groups not connected by the same letter are statistically significantly different (P <0.05). ANOVA results are expressed as estimated means with the associated 95% confidence intervals. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Percentages of points beyond the upper and lower bounds and the total percentages of points out of bounds with each print layer height group investigated (25, 50, and 100 μm) using a single SLA printer. Groups not connected by the same letter in a particular metric are statistically significantly different (P <0.05). ANOVA results are expressed as estimated means with the associated 95% confidence intervals. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Average absolute deviations associated with each 3D printer type investigated. Groups not connected by the same letter are statistically significantly different (P <0.05). ANOVA results are expressed as estimated means with the associated 95% confidence intervals. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Percentages of points beyond the upper and lower bounds and the total percentages of points out of bounds with each 3D printer type investigated. Groups not connected by the same letter in a particular metric are statistically significantly different (P <0.05). ANOVA results are expressed as estimated means with the associated 95% confidence intervals. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 8 A, Visualization of the increase in layer number as resolution is decreased; B, graphic demonstrating common terminology used to describe the different axes of orientation in 3D printing; C, graphic depicting the effect of poor or inconsistent x-y resolution on object surface accuracy. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

Fig 9 Chart showing a limited comparison of various features of the printers used in this study. Digital light processing is a subset technology of SLA printing that uses a projected planar image of light to photopolymerize resin. Printers are shown at approximate relative scale. MSRP, Manufacturer's suggested retail price. Printer images courtesy of Park Dental, Stratasys, Formlabs, and EnvisionTEC, respectively, and used with permission. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017 152, 557-565DOI: (10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012) Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists Terms and Conditions