Bell-Ringer Read page R62 in the back of your book, and answer questions 1 – 4.

Chapter 33, Section 3 “Wars in Korea and Vietnam”

War in Korea A. Standoff at the 38th Parallel 1. post-WWII, Korea a divided nation a. 38th parallel (line that crosses Korea @ 38° latitude) 1. Japanese troops surrendered to Soviets 2. south of line, Japanese surrendered to U.S. 3. 2 nations developed a. Communist industrial north b. non-Communist rural south

B. Standoff at the 38th Parallel (Part II) 1. June 25, 1950 – North Korea crossed 38th parallel & & attacked South Korea 2. Truman’s policy of containment put to the test 3. UN intervened under command of Douglas MacArthur a. MacArthur launched surprise attack; N. Koreans surrendered and retreated 4. The Fighting Continues a. Chinese sends troops to help N. Korea b. UN & S. Koreans pushed out of N. Korea c. MacArthur proposes nuclear attack against China 1. Truman disagrees 2. MacArthur takes case to Congress 3. MacArthur removed by Truman d. July 1953 – N & S Korea signed cease-fire agreement e. 4 million soldiers & civilians died; no land gained

1. Korea remained divided a. Communist N. Korea C. Aftermath of the War 1. Korea remained divided a. Communist N. Korea 1. developed nuclear weapons b. Democratic S. Korea 2. Korea still divided; nuclear weapons still an obstacle 3. U.S. still keeps troops in S. Korea Kim Jong-il, Leader of North Korea

War Breaks Out In Vietnam A. The Road to War 1. French Indochina (now Vietnam, Laos, & Cambodia) a. mostly controlled by France b. nationalists movements developed 2. Ho Chi Minh a. Vietnamese nationalist b. led revolts & strikes against French 3. French sentenced Ho Chi Minh to death, but he fled 4. returned after Japanese seized control during WWII 5. he & other nationalists founded Vietminh League 6. Japanese forced out of Vietnam in 1945 7. France intended to regain its colony Ho Chi Minh

B. The Fighting Begins 1. Vietnamese Nationalists & Communist fought French 2. French surrendered to Ho Chi Minh 3. U.S. supported French; saw rising threat to rest of Asia 4. domino theory a. the fall of one country to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors C. Vietnam – A Country Divided a. North – Ho Chi Minh’s Communist forces governed b. South – U.S. & France set up anti-Communist gov’t under leadership of Ngo Dinh Diem 1. ruled as dictator; opposition grew 2. Viet Cong (Communist guerillas) gained strength in the south c. South Vietnamese generals had Diem assassinated d. Takeover by Communist Vietcong seemed inevitable

President Lyndon B. Johnson The United States Gets Involved A. U.S. Troops Enter the Fight 1. August 1964 – President Johnson told Congress that North Vietnamese patrol boats had attacked 2 U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin a. Congress authorized sending U.S. troops to Vietnam 2. U.S. faced 2 major difficulties a. fighting a guerrilla war in unfamiliar jungle terrain b. S. Vietnamese gov’t becoming unpopular 3. U.S. bombed millions of acres of farmland & forest in attempt to find Vietcong hideouts President Lyndon B. Johnson

Marines on patrol south of Na Dang historyscoop.files.wordpress.com/.../napalm.jpg

Napalm, or jellied gasoline, was used as a defoliant and could be dropped in bombs... historyscoop.files.wordpress.com/.../napalm.jpg

... or sprayed from riverboats. The goal was to expose VC hiding places. historyscoop.files.wordpress.com/.../napalm.jpg

B. The United States Withdraws 1. 1969 – President Nixon began withdrawing troops 2. Vietnamization a. allowed U.S. troops to gradually pull out, while S. Vietnamese increased combat role 3. last troops left in 1973 4. 2 yrs. Later, N. Vietnamese overran S. Vietnam 5. war ended, but +1.5 million Vietnamese & 58,000 Americans lost their lives Protest in U.S. President Richard Nixon

Postwar Southeast Asia A. Cambodia in Turmoil 1. after fighting w/ Communist followers, Cambodia adopted a democratic constitution & held free elections B. Vietnam After the War 1. 1.5 million people fled Vietnam 2. governed by Communist, but welcomes foreign investment 3. U.S. normalized relations w/ Vietnam in 1995

Daily Essential Questions What role did the UN play in the Korean War? How did Vietnam become divided?