VADODARA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING at. :kotambi. Tal. : waghodiya. dist VADODARA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING at. :kotambi. Tal. : waghodiya. dist. : Vadodara. Gujarat -391510.

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES -1 ROLL NO NAME 130800119078 Patel smit 130800119079 Patel yash 130800119080 Patel yatrik Guided by : haresh ghoniya

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE TOOLS AND ITS TYPES

THE MACHINE TOOL Machining is done with the help of power driven non- portable machines known as machine tools. Machine tool change the shape, size or finish of a job by removing excess material in the form of chips. Machine tool must have high efficiency.

TYPE OF MACHINE TOOLS Machine tools of different type and sizes have been developed because of variation in shape of the surface to be machined ,size of the work piece. 1. general purpose machine tools 2. production machine tools 3. special purpose machine tools

1.General purpose machine tools General purpose ,basic machine tools are machine tools, like lathe ,drilling machine, and milling machine . Similarly a milling machine can be used for plane milling, slotting, angular cutting, indexing milling operations. General purpose machine tools are useful in smaller machine shops and repair shops for small quantity production.

2. Production machine tools Production machine tools are out-growth of basic machine tools and are design to increase the rate of production and to reduce the manufacturing cost. Typical examples of this category are capstan and turret lathes, automatic screw machines multi spindle drilling machine. They are used for medium size production and batch work.

3. Special purpose machine tools. Special purpose machine tools are machines which have been design for some specific purpose and perform only one or a limited number of operation. Machine of this category include cam shaft grinders ,gear generator and piston turning lathes. Machines for larger quantities and they are much more economical than standard machine tools.

Motions in machine tools 1. Motions for clamping the work piece : In a surface grinding machine the work piece may have be put on an electromagnetic table and held by magnetic forces. 2 . Motion for fixing the tool: the tool is fixed in a tool post or tail stock quill on a lathe ,on an arbor or spindle in a milling machine, drilling machine the tool may be directly fixed in the machine spindle,

continue….. 3. Relative motion between work piece and tool: such motions are generally expressed in term of cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. a proper selection of these motions is essential for efficient machining. 4. Positioning motions: positioning motions are the motions required for the tool or work piece between cutting operations. In capstan or turret lathe and machining centers after one tool complete its cut the turret is indexing to bring the next tool in the cutting position.

TYPES OF CUTTING TOOLS A cutting tool may be used either for cutting a part as with a knife or for removing chips parts are produced by removing metal mostly in the form of small chips. All cutting tools can be divide in to two groups. 1.Single point tools :- Single point cutting tools having a wedge like action find a wide application on lathe and slotting machines. The simplest form of cutting tool is single point cutting tool. 2. Multi point tools:- Multi point cutting tools are merely two or more single point tools arranged together as a unite. The milling cutter, grinding wheel , drill beat and broaching tool are good example of this type.

TYPES OF CUTTING TOOLS A cutting tool may be used either for cutting a part as with a knife or for removing chips parts are produced by removing metal mostly in the form of small chips. All cutting tools can be divide in to two groups. 1.Single point tools :- Single point cutting tools having a wedge like action find a wide application on lathe and slotting machines. The simplest form of cutting tool is single point cutting tool. 2. Multi point tools:- Multi point cutting tools are merely two or more single point tools arranged together as a unite. The milling cutter, grinding wheel , drill beat and broaching tool are good example of this type.

cutting edges Metal cutting tool may be classified as single point, double point depending upon the number of cutting edges on the tool. Drilling tool have two cutting edges while milling cutter have more than two cutting edges. Tools used on lathe ,boring machine, shaper , planer and slotter have a single cutting edge and are called single point tools.

TYPES OF TOOL MATERIALS Carbon tool steels. High speed steels Cast non ferrous alloys Carbides Ceramics Diamond

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