John Kovar & Doug Karlen USDA-ARS

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Nutrition of Fruit Trees
Advertisements

Duane Friend Extension Educator.  Funding for the study was through the Illinois Department of Agriculture Sustainable Ag Grant program  Additional.
Manure is a Resource Ron Wiederholt Nutrient Management Specialist NDSU Extension Livestock Manure Nutrient Management Series March, 2006.
PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY SILAGE CORN IN SOUTHERN IDAHO Amber Moore, Steve Hines, Brad Brown, Mario de Haro Marti, Christi Falen, Mireille Chahine, Tianna Fife,
Scenario Analysis costs per acre for various practices estimate each fully applied practice for N or P then combine for N or P to reach 20 or 45% finally,
Corn growth & development
Julia W. Gaskin Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator Crop & Soil Science Dept College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences.
Morteza Mozaffari Soil Testing and Research Laboratory, Marianna Efforts to Improve N Use Efficiency of Corn in Arkansas Highlights of Research in Progress.
Cover Crops and Biofuels Implications for Soil Characteristics and Plant Development Deanna Boardman October 21, 2009.
Experiences with PSNT in North Carolina David H. Hardy Soil Testing Section Agronomic Division- NCDA&CS.
Balancing Biomass for Bioenergy and Conserving the Soil Resource Jane Johnson USDA-ARS- North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory.
An integrated study of nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions Tyson Ochsner and Rodney Venterea Soil and Water Management Research Unit Agricultural.
Effect of Tillage on Nitrogen Availability to Sugar Beets Years 1 & 2 Amber Moore and David Tarkalson University of Idaho – Twin Falls USDA ARS - Kimberly.
Morteza Mozaffari Soil Testing and Research Laboratory, Marianna Immediate and Residual Effects of Urea and Pelleted Poultry Manure on Corn and Soil in.
Evaluation Nitrogen and Phosphorus Placement With Strip Tillage for Irrigated Pacific Northwest Corn Production David Tarkalson and Dave Bjorneberg Agricultural.
Triticale For P Removal Brad Brown University of Idaho 2008 Idaho Nutrient Management Conference.
Don Hofstrand Agricultural Economist Co-director, Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Iowa State University Extension President, Rural Development.
The Nitrogen Requirement and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Produced in Central Oklahoma. D. Brian Arnall, Chad B. Godsey, Danielle Bellmer, Ray Huhnke.
Crop Farming and Sustainability The good and the bad.
Using Biochar as a Soil Amendment for Sustainable Agriculture Biochar Symposium Illinois Sustainable Technology Center (ISTC) June 9, 2011 W. Zheng B.K.
Residue Biomass Removal and Potential Impact on Production and Environmental Quality Mahdi Al-Kaisi, Associate Professor Jose Guzman, Research Assistant.
Phosphorus Nutrition of Cotton
Managing Cover Crops for More Profitable Corn Production Brian Jones Agronomy Extension Agent (540)
Chapter 5. Crop Production Thomas J. Basden, West Virginia University, A.O. Abaye, Virginia Tech, and Richard W. Taylor, University of Delaware Mid-Atlantic.
The Precision-Farming Guide for Agriculturalists Chapter One
Matt Ruark Dept. Soil Sci. CORN STOVER REMOVAL AND SOIL FERTILITY.
Soil Conservation. Erosion Two billion tons of U.S. soil lost annually Improved from Five billion tons in 1982 Conservation programs and voluntary conservation.
Corn Plot Overview Jared Shippey Ben Logan. General Information  Planted 5/30/08  Hybrid – Pioneer 38B87 – 94 days  Planted population 35,000  Manure.
Corn Growth Stages Chad Lee, Ph.D. Grain Crops Extension Specialist
Background Deriving fuel from biological sources is an idea that has become popular as fossil fuel supplies are diminished, atmospheric carbon dioxide.
THE SUPPLY OF CORN STOVER IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES Richard G. Nelson 1, Marie E. Walsh 2, and John Sheehan 3 1 Kansas State University 2 University.
Figure 1. Residue removal effects on corn yields as affected by N rate in 2009 and 2010 for poorly and well-drained soils. Asterisk indicates significant.
Reduce Soil Erosion Soil conservation, some methods
Highway 56 West Adams, MN Lynn Lagerstedt.
Locations Efaw Lake Carl Blackwell Haskell Years2005, 2006 Objectives: 1)To determine the minimum preplant N fertilizer needed to achieve maximum yield.
May 2010 Understanding the NCDA&CS Plant Analysis Report NCDA&CS Agronomic Division Plant/Waste/Solution/Media Section.
Rich Koenig WA State University Phosphorus source effects on dryland winter wheat in eastern Washington Final report.
Enhancing Continuous Corn Production Under High-Residue Conditions with Starter Fluid Fertilizer Combinations and Placements Gyles Randall Univ. of Minnesota,
MANURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SUMMARY – MMP NBS Completing a Manure Management Plan Workshop v
Conservation Tillage. = portion of previous crop residue left unincorporated on soil surface.
Plant Roots and P - K Uptake  Relatively immobile nutrients, main uptake mechanism is slow diffusion through soil water to roots from a short distance.
Wood ash, the residue remaining from the combustion of bark, sawdust and yard waste for energy generation for forestry product operations, is an effective.
Integrated Nutrient Management (Nutrient Management Plan ) A Series of Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan.
Bob Woods Area Extension Agronomy Specialist
Soil Fertility in Muskogee County
Land Husbandry : Strategic Inovatif Farmers Implementation of biochar for various crops in Production yield and soil conservation Dr. Eny Dyah Yuniwati,
Exploratory Research in Corn
Fertility Strategies for Lean Times
Meeting the Realities of Corn Stover Supply Chain Operation
Tillage and Planting Cost Comparisons
Manure Management in No-till
Manure management plan summary – MMP NBs
Developing Sidedress N Recommendations for Corn in Central PA
NDVI Active Sensors in Sugarbeet Production for In-Season and Whole Rotation Nitrogen Management.
Long term Biochar versus Wood Ash Agronomic Field Trial at 6 months
Merle Anders, Arlene Adviento-Borbe, Daniela Carrijo, Gabriel LaHue
HOW CAN WE REDUCE VOLATILIZATION LOSSES?
Topsoil Depth at the Centralia Site
Wheat: Harvest and Review of Steps for Good Wheat Management
The Effects of Biochar on Plant Growth
Strategies for Split N Applications for Corn
Soil test results and how to use them
Mississippi Feedstocks Research Dept. of Plant and Soil Science
residue cover of soil surface (%)
Gyles Randall and Jeff Vetsch University of Minnesota
HOW CAN WE REDUCE VOLATILIZATION LOSSES?
Mississippi Feedstocks Research Dept. of Plant and Soil Science
Three Key Considerations in Planning Your 2019 Soil Fertility Program
Purdue-Indiana Seed Industry Forum: Crop Production Shawn P. Conley
C.C. Mitchell*, D.P. Delaney (Auburn Univ.) & K.S. Balkcom (USDA-ARS)
Presentation transcript:

Fluid Fertilizer’s Role in Sustaining Soils Used for Bio-fuels Production John Kovar & Doug Karlen USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment (NLAE)

~450°C -O2 + + Corn stover Bio-oil Biochar Syngas (~1.5 GJ m-3) (~22 GJ m-3) (~21 MJ kg-1) (~6 MJ kg-1) Fast pyrolysis is optimized for production of bio-oil. Product yields are typically ~65% bio-oil, 20% biochar, 15% syngas. Dynamotive Energy Systems Co. West Loren Ontario CA

Project Objective To investigate N, P, K, and S dynamics in a comprehensive residue removal, tillage, and nutrient management study

Project Treatments Residue removal: 0, 50%, 90% Tillage: chisel plow, no-till Nutrient management: conventional (30K plants/A), high input (44K plants/A) Bio-char: 0, 4.32 tons/A, 8.25 tons/A Cover crops: annual, perennial

Cob & Top 50% Removal Whole Plant Removal

2009 Soil Test Levels Soil Test Surface (0-2”) Subsurface (2-6”) Composite Range Bray-1 P, ppm 39 17 - 104 24 12 - 54 Exch. K, ppm 199 106 - 307 142 100 - 218 Exch. Ca, ppm 2112 1400 - 2830 2276 1545 - 3020 Exch. Mg, ppm 301 179 - 440 310 195 - 489 Extract. S, ppm 1.1 0.5 - 4.1 0.9 0.5 - 2.8 pH 6.5 5.9 - 7.4 5.9 - 7.0 O. M.*, % 3.8 2.8 - 5.3 3.7 2.9 - 4.6 CEC, cmol(+)/kg 16.0 11.0 - 22.3 16.3 11.3 - 24.9 * Ignition Method

2009 Nutrient Management System Percent Removal Timing Source Conventional Fall 2008 11-52-0 + 0-0-60 160+75+60+20S Pre-Plant 3-18-18 199+162+147+20S 50 12-0-0-26S 202+177+162+20S 90 Sidedress 32-0-0 (UAN) Twin- Row 167+75+60+30S 211+162+147+30S 214+177+162+30S Starter 3-18-18 + UAN

Field Measurements Stand counts Whole-plant samples at V6 Ear-leaf samples at mid-silk Grain yield and moisture Stover yield and moisture Grain and stover nutrient content

Nutrient critical values and concentrations in whole plants at the V6 growth stage for five management scenarios in 2009 Nutrient CriticalValue Control Biochar 1† Biochar 2‡ Twin-Row Perennial CC§ Annual CC N 3.50 3.82 3.93 3.69 3.79 3.68 3.65 (0.28) (0.19) (0.23) (0.30) (0.21) P 0.30 0.46 0.45 0.41 0.40 (0.06) (0.02) (0.07) K 2.50 4.81 5.18 5.03 4.75 4.15 3.88 (0.61) (1.13) (0.94) (1.11) (0.53) (0.59) S 0.15 0.22 0.21 0.19 (0.01) (0.03) †4.32 tons biochar/A; ‡8.25 tons biochar/A; §CC = cover crop

Nutrient critical values and concentrations in ear-leaf tissue at anthesis for five management scenarios in 2009 Nutrient CriticalValue Control Biochar 1† Biochar 2‡ Twin-Row Perennial CC§ Annual CC N 2.70 2.41 2.29 2.42 2.30 2.45 (0.22) (0.18) (0.14) (0.12) (0.17) P 0.25 0.27 0.28 (0.03) (0.01) K 1.70 1.96 1.88 2.04 1.92 1.81 1.84 (0.21) (0.25) (0.26) (0.28) (0.27) S 0.21 0.17 0.16 (0.02) †4.32 tons biochar/A; ‡8.25 tons biochar/A; §CC = cover crop

Effect of Management System, Tillage, and Residue Removal on Corn Grain and Stover Yields in 2009 Treatment Tillage Percent Removal Grain (bu/A) Stover (t/A) Control No-tillage 146 50 174 2.16 90 195 3.59 Chisel Plow 196 1.89 188 3.35 LSD(0.05) 12 0.84 Twin-Row 132 2.46 176 2.81 135 193 1.82 192 3.26 14 0.42

Effect of Biochar Application and Residue Removal on Corn Grain and Stover Yields in 2009 Treatment Tillage Percent Removal Grain (bu/A) Stover (t/A) Control Chisel Plow 146 50 196 1.89 90 188 3.35 LSD(0.05) 12 0.84 Biochar (4 t/A) 136 195 2.03 2.96 0.80 Biochar (8 t/A) 156 2.24 194 3.23 8 0.78

Main Points: At V6, nutrient concentrations above sufficiency range in whole plants, all treatments At mid-silk, N and S concentrations below sufficiency range, P and K sufficient Corn grain and stover yields not affected by management scenario or tillage (problem with N?) No advantage to twin-row system in 2009 Nutrient removals within each system will guide 2010 fertilizer applications

Copyright © Lynn Betts, NRCS

Check + S

Effect of 30 lb S/A on Corn Grain Yield ab

S Fertility Management (4-yr) Greatest benefit on eroded hill slopes 30 lb S/A increased plant dry weight and S at V5 At mid-silk, S concentrations often < sufficiency range Corn grain and stover yield increased, grain moisture decreased S fertilizers comparable Agronomic efficiency: 10 lb grain per lb S applied

What’s Next? Nutrient management for bio-fuel feedstock production study (N, P, K, S, and B) Biochar effects on nutrient-use efficiency Increased field monitoring