COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES Teacher :m.shah hamzei Farzanegan highschooh 1

Comparatives & Superlatives Comparatives are used to show the difference between two objects. Superlatives are used to show the difference between more than two objects.

To make the comparative form of adjectives (like 'bigger' or 'more expensive') and the superlative form (like 'biggest' or 'most expensive'), first we need to know how many syllables are in the adjective.

Adjectives with one syllable Comparatives Superlatives Usually if an adjective has only one syllable, we add 'er' to make the comparative form. small → smaller young → younger We add 'est' to make the superlative form. small → smallest young → youngest

There are some spelling changes There are some spelling changes. If there is one vowel followed by one consonant at the end of the adjective, we often double the consonant. wet → wetter / wettest big → bigger / biggest hot → hotter / hottest thin → thinner / thinnest

If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'. If the adjective ends in 'e', we don't add another 'e', just 'r'. wise → wiser /wisest nice → nicer / nicest large → larger / largest If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'. dry → drier / driest funny → funnier/funniest happy → happier/ happiest angry → angrier /angriest busy → busier/ busiest

There are a few adjectives that we have to use 'more' or 'most' with, even though they only have one syllable. We CAN'T add 'er' or 'est'.  fun → more fun / most fun (NOT funner / funnest)  real → more real / most real (NOT realer / realest)  right → more right / most right (NOT righter / rightest)  wrong → more wrong / most wrong (NOT wronger / wrongest)

Adjectives with two syllables Comparatives Superlatives With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more. peaceful → more peaceful pleasant → more pleasant careful → more careful thoughtful → more thoughtful With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the superlative with most. peaceful → most peaceful pleasant → most pleasant careful → most careful thoughtful → most thoughtful

Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with - er and -est and with more and most. clever → cleverer /more clever gentle →gentler/more gentle friendly →friendlier/more friendly quiet →quieter/more quiet simple → simpler /more simple narrow → narrower/ more narrow

Irregular Adjectives Exceptions: There are also some irregular adjectives. We just need to learn these forms.  good → better / best  bad → worse / worst  far → further / furthest → farther / farthest  little → less / least  many &much → more / most

AS + ADJECTIVE + AS To compare people, places, events or things, when there is no difference, use as+ adjective +as Peter is 24 years old. John is 24 years old. Peter is as old as John. A tiger is as dangerous as a lion. Not As ... As In informal English, the following construction is often used: not as + form of adjective+ as He is not as clever as his brother.

The elephant is fatter than the giraffe. The ant is smaller than the hippo. The elephant is fatter than the giraffe. The girl is happier than the duck.

The butterfly is small The butterfly is more beautiful than the frog. The ant is the smallest The elephant is the heaviest. The airplane is the most expensive.