Directions Dorsal Ventral Anterior Posterior Towards the back Towards the stomach Anterior Towards the front end Posterior Towards the rear end

Directions Superior Inferior Lateral Medial MIDLINE Above another structure Inferior Below another structure Lateral Toward the side, away from the midline Medial Toward the midline, away from the side SUPERIOR LATERAL MEDIAL INFERIOR

Slices/Planes Coronal/Frontal Plane Sagittal Plane Horizontal Plane Shows brain structures from the front Sagittal Plane Shows brain structures from the side Horizontal Plane Shows brain structures from above

Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain All voluntary movement and some involuntary Spinal Cord Communication between brain and body Most involuntary movement

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Somatic Nervous System Voluntary movement, skeletal muscles and external sensory organs Autonomic Nervous System Receives and sends information to organs Sympathetic Nervous System Fight or Flight System Vigorous Activity Stress Parasympathetic Nervous System When you are relaxed Increased digestive processes

The Brain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMsXg1Lk&feature=related Thanks Melissa!

The Forebrain Limbic System Amygdala, fornix, thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus and pituitary gland FUNCTION: Emotional behavior, aggression, recognizing fear in others, motivation, eating, drinking, sexual activity and anxiety LOCATION: Forms a border around the brainstem

The Forebrain Thalamus THALAMUS Hypothalamus HYPOTHALAMUS FUNCTION: major sensory relay center, sends and receives information from the cerebral cortex LOCATION: Center of forebrain, walnut shaped Hypothalamus FUNCTION: Communicates with amygdala, temperature regulation hormone regulation and the 4 F’s (Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting, and Fornicating) LOCATION: Near the base of the brain, inferior and ventral to the thalamus THALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS

The Forebrain Basal Ganglia Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Palidus, Amygdala, Thalamus, Nucleus Basalis FUNCTION: Receives input from hypothalamus, releases ACh, arousal, wakefulness, attention, cognition, voluntary movement and muscle coordination LOCATION: Dorsal Surface of the Forebrain

The Midbrain Superior/Inferior Colliculi (Colliculus) FUNCTION: Routing sensory information to the thalamus and cerebral cortex Inferior – Auditory info Superior – Visual info LOCATION: swellings on each side of the tectum

The Midbrain Tegmentum FUNCTION: motor functions, regulates awareness and attention, some automatic functions LOCATION: Ventral region of the midbrain

The Midbrain Tectum FUNCTION: Controls auditory and visual responses LOCATION: Dorsal region of midbrain

The Midbrain Substantia Nigra FUNCTION: Dopamine producing neurons, involved in reinforcement and controls voluntary movement (involved in Parkinson’s) LOCATION: Posterior part of midbrain

The Hindbrain Medulla FUNCTION: vital functions, breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing LOCATION: Just above the spinal cord and an extension of the spinal cord

The Hindbrain Pons FUNCTION: initiation of REM sleep, bridges the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum LOCATION: anterior and ventral to the medulla

The Hindbrain Cerebellum FUNCTION: smooth motor movement, balance and coordination, motor memory LOCATION: posterior to the medulla

The Hindbrain Reticular Formation FUNCTION: filters out unnecessary information – The Cocktail Party Phenomenon LOCATION: System that includes the medulla, the pons and the cerebellum.

The Lobes Cerebral Cortex FUNCTION: Intelligence, personality, sensation, motor function, planning, and organization LOCATION: surrounds the subcortical structures, gray convoluted part of the brain

The Lobes Corpus Callosum FUNCTION: Connects the two hemispheres LOCATION: directly in the center of the brain CORPUS CALLOSUM

Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex

The Lobes Frontal Lobe FUNCTION: Planning, Organizing and Motor Control LOCATION: Most anterior part of the brain

The Lobes Parietal Lobe FUNCTION: Integrates sensory information LOCATION: Posterior to the frontal lobe

The Lobes Temporal Lobe FUNCTION: Audition and Speech LOCATION: Lateral to midline, Inferior to parietal lobe

The Lobes Occipital Lobe FUNCTION: Vision LOCATION: Most posterior part of the brain

The Ventricles Cerebrospinal Fluid FUNCTION: Protects the brain by cushioning, provides hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord LOCATION: Created in the Choroid Plexus which lines the ventricles

The Ventricles Central Canal FUNCTION: connects the ventricles to the spinal cord LOCATION: a fluid filled chamber in the center of the spinal cord

The Ventricles Lateral Ventricles LOCATION: lateral to thalamus, connects 3rd ventricle to cerebral aquaduct 3rd Ventricle LOCATION: in the center of the brain between the two hemispheres 4th Ventricle LOCATION: posterior to the pons and medulla