CSE 140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems

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Techniques for Combinational Logic Optimization
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CSE 140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Lecture 5: K-Map minimization in larger input dimensions and K-map minimization using max terms CSE 140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems CK Cheng Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of California, San Diego

Part I. Combinational Logic Specification Implementation K-map: Sum of products Product of sums

Implicant: A product term that has non-empty intersection with on-setF and does not intersect with off-set R . Prime Implicant: An implicant that is not a proper subset of any other implicant. Essential Prime Implicant: A prime implicant that has an element in on- set F but this element is not covered by any other prime implicants. Implicate: A sum term that has non-empty intersection with off-set R and does not intersect with on-set F. Prime Implicate: An implicate that is not a proper subset of any other implicate. Essential Prime Implicate: A prime implicate that has an element in off- set R but this element is not covered by any other prime implicates.

K-Map to Minimized Product of Sums Sometimes it is easier to reduce the K-map by considering the offset F1=a’b’c’d+abc’d+a’b’cd’+abcd’ F2=(a+b’)(a’+b)(c’+d’)(c+d) ab cd 00 01 11 10 1 iClicker: Which function is simpler for a two level logic implementation? F1 F2 Two are the same

K-Map to Minimized Product of Sums Sometimes it is easier to reduce the K-map by considering the offset F1=a’b’c’d+abc’d+a’b’cd’+abcd’ F2=(a+b’)(a’+b)(c’+d’)(c+d) ab cd 00 01 11 10 1

Another min product of sums example Given R(a,b,c,d) = Σm (3, 11, 12, 13, 14) D (a,b,c,d)= Σm (4, 8, 10) K-map ab 00 01 11 10 cd 0 4 12 8 00 1 5 13 9 01 11 3 7 15 11 2 6 14 10 10

Another min product of sums example   Given R(a,b,c,d) = Σm (3, 11, 12, 13, 14) D (a,b,c,d)= Σm (4, 8, 10) ab 00 01 11 10 cd 0 4 12 8 00 1 X 0 X 1 5 13 9 01 1 1 0 1 d 11 3 7 15 11 0 1 1 0 2 6 14 10 10 1 1 0 X a

PI Q: Which of the following is a not an essential prime implicate? Prime Implicates: ΠM(0,8), ΠM(11,15), ΠM(12,13,14,15), ΠM(6,14) PI Q: Which of the following is a not an essential prime implicate? ΠM(0,8) ΠM(11,15) ΠM(12,13,14,15) ΠM(6,14) a d 0 1 0 X 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 X 0 1 0 4 12 8 1 5 13 9 3 7 15 11 2 6 14 10 ab 00 01 11 10 cd

Five variable K-map a=0 a=1 bc 00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10 de c c 00 01 e 0 4 12 8 16 20 28 24 1 5 13 9 17 21 29 25 01 e e 3 7 15 11 19 23 31 27 11 d d 2 6 14 10 18 22 30 26 10 b b a Neighbors of m5 are: minterms 1, 4, 7, 13, and 21 Neighbors of m10 are: minterms 2, 8, 11, 14, and 26

Reading a Five variable K-map: An example bc 00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10 de c c 00 0 4 12 8 16 20 28 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 13 9 17 21 29 25 01 e e 3 7 15 11 19 23 31 27 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d d 2 6 14 10 18 22 30 26 10 b b 5 EPIs a

Six variable K-map d d f f e e c c d d a f f e e c c b 0 4 12 8 0 4 12 8 16 20 28 24 1 5 13 9 17 21 29 25 f f 3 7 15 11 19 23 31 27 e e 2 6 14 10 18 22 30 26 c c d d 32 36 44 40 48 52 60 56 33 37 45 41 49 53 61 57 a f f 35 39 47 43 51 55 63 59 e e 34 38 46 42 50 54 62 58 c c b