Some ground-based technology developments that will propel solar physics Phil Goode for Jeff Kuhn Big Bear Solar Observatory New Jersey Institute of Technology NJIT team has built the world’s largest aperture and most capable solar telescope. The picture is at night and shows our domes with both domes on a 1000 foot long causeway out into the middle of the lake. Winds come from the west with 2 miles of open water to the west.

Light to Instruments – Aperture Matters ATST 4 m off-axis PM Null Corrector CGH(?) Pentaprism scan AO Note rolloff away from isoplanatic patch Even for NST DM faceplate matter because of heat Hinode (0.5m) & NST (1.6 m)

Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics Full FOV AO correction for flare and CME studies. Residual Motion with 3-4 guide regions Measure Cn2 GPUs vs. DSPs Residual Image Motion

Light to Instruments: Hyperspectral Imaging Need 2D spectroscopy to get simultaneous measurements of FOV at a wide range of wavelengths – 2nd generation fiber bundling. Bundles feed light from focal plane to spectrograph Develop large format fiber bundle arrays that operate from visible to 5 mm wavelengths is important for solar spectropolarimetry This capability will allow magnetic field measurements with temporal, spatial and spectral resolution that match the next generation of optical telescopes

Rapid Polarization Multiplexors and Analyzers Need to overcome seeing limitations for polarimetry in new ground-based telescopes. Typically one stacks several field measurements to improve S/N Need kHz CMOS camera to stack, say I, Q, U and V, single pixel voltages while atmosphere is frozen since we have technology for camera multiplexing. Need development of rapid polarization multiplexors and analyzers, with broad-band optical performance and rapid (faster than kHz) switching times. Advancements in swift liquid crystal detectors (Meadowlark) seem to be moving in the right direction.

Large Diameter Fabry-Perot Interferometers Need for high throughput optical and IR Fabry-Perot development for polarimetry in large aperture telescopes. There is a growing need for large etendue tunable Fabry-Perots.  The most fruitful development here is for large diameter interferometers. Need /200 flatness (gravity deformation) can make 100-150 mm, FPIs, but need 300 mm for ATST Progress?

Mid-IR Large Format Detector Weak field measurements utilizing large Zeeman splitting Development of 10 m region large format detector (HOW LARGE)

Development of Custom Gratings Development of generalized gratings with the possibility of arbitrary ruling direction and groove density in optical/IR gratings will open new opportunities High resolution spectral imaging that minimize and simplify both thermal IR and UV instrumentation for solar spectropolarimetry.  

2) Development of optical and infrared DWDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) filters is also essential for effective hyperspectral imaging.

High speed parallel computation For real-time image analysis and reconstruction 32 cluster in BB can do “only” 1k by 1k pixel image reconstruction per minute.

F i n !