Damnatio ad bestias, ad flammas, crematio Carnnifex/confector Noxius/noxii Cruciarius/cruciarii Maiestas Talio 167 Aemilius Paullus 146 Scipio Africanus the Younger Thecla Perpetua Polycarp
Damnatio ad bestias (3rd century CE mosaic, El Djem, Tunisia)
Damnatio ad bestias (same mosaic as previous slide)
Mucius Scaevola (Martial 8.30 & 10.25)
Orpheus (Martial)
Pasiphae (Roman wall painting, 1st century CE)
Hercules
Attis
The Christian Martyrs’ Last Prayer (J-L Gerome, 1883) (this is so not how it went)
Christian executed as Dirce (Henryk Siemiradzi, 1897)
Dirce and the bull (Pompeian fresco; 1st century CE)
Thecla and Paul (6th century CE fresco, Ephesus)
Thecla and the wild beasts (5th century CE
St Perpetua et al (fresco, 10th century CE)