ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Definitions Acid Base Arrhenius   Dissociates in water to produce a hydrogen ion (H +) HCl(aq) + H2O(l)  H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Dissociates in water to produce a hydroxide ion (OH -) NaOH(aq) + H2O(l)  Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Accepts pair of electrons Donates a pair of electrons ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Definitions Acid Base Lewis   Accepts pair of electrons Donates a pair of electrons

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Hydrogen ion donor (H +) Proton donor Definitions Acid Base Bronsted-Lowry Hydrogen ion donor (H +) Proton donor Hydrogen ion acceptor (H +) Proton acceptor

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Hydrogen ion donor (H +) Proton donor Definitions Acid Base Bronsted-Lowry Hydrogen ion donor (H +) Proton donor Hydrogen ion acceptor (H +) Proton acceptor 11H ● → 11H + Hydrogen atom loses e- to become hydrogen ion

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- NH4+ + OH-  NH3 + H2O Conjugate Acid – Base Pairs - (use Bronsted-Lowry definition)     NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- NH4+ + OH-  NH3 + H2O

Identify the conjugate acid base pairs.   CH3COO- + H2O ↔ CH3COOH + OH-   

Identify the conjugate acid base pairs.   HCN + H2O ↔ H3O+ + CN-

Identify the conjugate acid base pairs.    HNO3 + H2O ↔ NO3- + H3O+   H2PO4- + H2O ↔ H3O+ + HPO42- H3PO4 + OH- ↔ H2PO4- + H2O HClO4 + CH3COOH ↔ CH3COOH2+ + ClO2-

For the following list which two substances act like acids and which act like bases. H2CO3 + H2O ↔ H3O+ + HCO3-   HI + H2O ↔ H3O+ + I-

  HSO4- + HF ↔ H2SO4 + F- H2O + H2O ↔ H3O+ + OH-

Amphoteric (Amphiprotic) substances ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Amphoteric (Amphiprotic) substances – can act as either an acid _________________   or as a base _________________________ proton (H+) donor proton (H+) acceptor

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid and conjugate base. (see Table L - the stronger acid is the proton donor) Remember Bronstead-Lowery Definitions: An acid donates a proton (H+) A base accepts a proton (H+)  

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS H2O H2O + NH3 ↔ H2O + HCl ↔ NH3 NH3 + HCl ↔    NH3 NH3 + HCl ↔   NH3 + H- ↔    HCO3- HCO3- + H2O ↔   HCO3- + HSO4- ↔  HSO4- HSO4- + H2O ↔   HSO4- + HCl ↔  H2PO4- H2PO4- + H2O ↔   H2PO4- + HBr ↔