The eight single-neuron vector clusters and the population vectors shown here represent the activity of the same population of cells during reaching movements.

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The eight single-neuron vector clusters and the population vectors shown here represent the activity of the same population of cells during reaching movements in eight different directions. The activity of each neuron during each reaching movement is represented by a thin black vector that points in the neuron's preferred movement direction and whose length is proportional to the discharge of the neuron during that movement. Blue arrows are the population vectors, calculated by vectorial addition of all the single-cell vectors in each cluster; dashed arrows represent the direction of movement of the arm. (Reproduced, with permission, from Georgopoulos et al. 1983.) Source: Voluntary Movement: The Primary Motor Cortex, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon Citation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available at: https://neurology.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/Books/1049/kan_ch37_f010.png&sec=59144170&BookID=1049&ChapterSecID=59138667&imagename= Accessed: October 24, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved