X. Ding, UCLA MAP Spring 2014 Meeting May 2014 Fermilab

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X. Ding, UCLA MAP Spring 2014 Meeting 27-31 May 2014 Fermilab Carbon Target Optimization for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory with a 6.75 GeV Proton Driver X. Ding, UCLA MAP Spring 2014 Meeting 27-31 May 2014 Fermilab 5/29/14

OUTLINE Carbon Target Configuration, Fieldmap and Setting Carbon target optimization (tilt beam) Carbon target yield comparison (no-tilt vs. tilt beam); Yield comparison between C, Hg and Ga target (no-tilt beam) Beam Dump Study (no-tilt and tilt beam) Summary 5/29/14

Carbon Target Geometry http://physics.princeton.edu/mumu/target/hptw5_poster.pdf 5/29/14

Carbon Target Capture Magnets (20Tto2T5m120cm) http://physics.princeton.edu/mumu/target/Souchlas/souchlas_140424.pdf Coils SC#3-7 will have larger radii, but this does not affect the present study. 5/29/14

Fieldmap along SC axis (Magnet 20to2T5m120cm) 5/29/14

Carbon Target Parameter Setting Simulation Code: MARS15(2014) with Event Generator Control setting of ICEM 4 = 1 (default) and with Energy Card Setting of ENRG 1 = 6.75, 2 = 0.02, 3 = 0.3, 4 = 0.01, 5 = 0.05, 6 = 0.01, 7 = 0.01 ; Fieldmap (20T2T) with taper length of 5m; Beam pipe radius: 13 cm (initial) and 23 cm (final); Proton beam: 6.75 GeV (KE), 1 MW, launched at z = -100 cm with waist at z = 0 m and emittance of 5 μm; Graphite density = 1.8 g/cm3; Production Collection: 50 m downstream, 40 MeV < KE < 180 MeV. 5/29/14

Carbon Target Optimization (106 events, tilt beam) Particle Production vs. Target Length Target radius: 0.8 cm Beam rms radius = 0.2 cm (TR/BR = 4) Beam angle to SC axis: 65 mrad Collinear target and beam 5/29/14

Carbon Target Optimization (106 events, tilt beam) Particle Production vs. Target Radius Target length: 80 cm Beam angle to SC axis: 65 mrad Collinear target and beam TR/BR = 4 5/29/14

Carbon Target Optimization (106 events, tilt beam) Particle Production vs. Beam Angle Target length: 80 cm Target radius: 0.8 cm Collinear target and beam TR/BR = 4 5/29/14

Energy Spectra of , K,  (106 events, tilt beam, carbon target) Best parameters: Target length: 80 cm Target radius: 0.8 cm Beam angle: 65 mrad Collinear target and beam TR/BR = 4 5/29/14

Yield Comparison (no-tilt vs. tilt proton beam, carbon target) Optimized target length is 80 cm and target radius is 0.64 cm when beam angle is fixed at 0 mrad. Collinear target and beam. TR/BR = 4 ~ 13% advantage to tilting the beam/target 5/29/14

Yield Comparison (C, Hg and Ga targets, no-tilt beam to SC axis ) Optimized target length is 80 cm for C, 23 cm for Hg, and 40 cm for Ga. Target radius is 0.64 cm for all when beam angle is fixed at 0 mrad. Co-linear target and beam. TR/BR = 4 For yield comparison, Hg gives ~ 29.3% higher than C and Ga gives ~ 22.2% higher than C 5/29/14

Remaining Protons (KE > 0) 104 events, no beam dump, carbon target beam angle = 0 mrad, target radius = 0.64 cm z = 0.4 m z = 5 m 5/29/14

Remaining Protons (KE > 6 GeV) 104 events, carbon target beam angle = 0 mrad, target radius = 0.64 cm z = 5 m No beam dump z = 5 m Beam dump: 120 cm long (z = 40 to 160 cm), Triple of target radius 5/29/14

Remaining Protons with Beam Dump (106 events, carbon target, beam angle = 0 mrad) Target length: 80 cm (z = -40 cm to z = 40 cm) Target radius: 0.64 cm Beam angle: 0 mrad Co-linear target and beam TR/BR = 4 Beam dump rod is 120 cm long (z = 40 cm to z = 160 cm) The radius of beam dump is triple that of the target 5/29/14 This plot shows a peak at 6-6.5 GeV for z = 50 m.

Counting of Carbon Target at z = 5 m 1MW beam (9 Counting of Carbon Target at z = 5 m 1MW beam (9.26×1014 protons with KE of 6.75 GeV) beam angle = 0 mrad, target radius = 0.64 cm Ldump (cm) Rdump/Rtarget Total KE (protons) (r < 23 cm) [Watts] (non-protons) Protons KE > 6 GeV (×9.26×1010) Yield at z = 50 m 265270 88258 2078 1063.4 40 1 221590 92222 1543 987 80 202506 90564 1419 927 120 210141 87216 1452 868.8 2 183241 90205 1213 938 155798 85367 909 780.3 149733 86754 870 743 3 158241 91585 1044 852.7 119851 85385 607 680.2 114139 81006 542 590 5/29/14

C, Hg, Ga targets, no beam dump 1 MW beam (9 C, Hg, Ga targets, no beam dump 1 MW beam (9.26×1014 protons with KE of 6.75 GeV), beam angle = 0 mrad, z = 5 m Target length is 80 cm for C, 23 cm for Hg, and 40 cm for Ga and target radius is 0.64 cm for all Total KE (protons) ( r <23 cm) [Watts] (non-protons) Protons KE > 6 GeV (×9.26×1010) Yield at z = 50 m C 265270 88258 2078 1063.4 Hg 217116 65898 1908 1362.4 Ga 223972 84440 1818 1288.7 5/29/14

Remaining Protons (106 events, carbon target, no beam dump) Target length: 80 cm Target radius: 0.80 cm Beam angle: 65 mrad Co-linear target and beam TR/BR = 4 Peak of protons at 6.5 GeV gone at z = 50 m (65 mrad beam angle). 5/29/14

Remaining Protons with Beam Dump (106 events, carbon target) Target length: 80 cm (z = -40 cm to z = 40 cm) Target radius: 0.80 cm Beam angle: 65 mrad Co-linear target and beam TR/BR = 4 Beam dump rod (z = 40 cm to z = 160 cm, horizontal tilt: 33.7 mrad, vertical tilt: 54.28 mrad) The radius of beam dump is triple that of the target 5/29/14

Coordinates of beam and dump (carbon target and dump) Target length: 80 cm (z = -40 cm to z = 40 cm) Target radius: 0.80 cm Beam angle: 65 mrad Co-linear target and beam TR/BR = 4 Beam dump rod: triple of the target radius (z = 40 cm to z = 100 cm, horizontal tilt: 31.1 mrad, vertical tilt: 56.27 mrad) (z = 40 cm to z = 100 cm, horizontal tilt: 44.9 mrad, vertical tilt: 44.17 mrad) 5/29/14

Counting of Carbon Target at z = 5 m 1MW beam (9 Counting of Carbon Target at z = 5 m 1MW beam (9.26×1014 protons with KE of 6.75 GeV) beam angle = 65 mrad, target radius = 0.8 cm Ldump (cm) Rdump/Rtarget Total KE (protons) (r <23 cm) [Watts] (non-protons) Protons KE > 6 GeV (×9.26×1010) Yield at z = 50 m 88359 105454 301 1240.7 40 1 85504 105007 270 1268 80 88318 102577 318 1256.2 120 85932 100030 299 1230.1 2 77262 101664 207 1246.2 75493 97715 206 1196 78364 96967 204 1170.5 3 72615 101494 176 1084.5 64610 97569 112 1142.4 66430 94936 130 1134.6 5/29/14

Summary Target System Concept from the Muon Accelerator Staging Scenario: 1 MW, 6.75 GeV (KE) proton beam, Magnet 20to2T50m120cm (the 20 T field on target drops to the ~2 T field in the rest of the Front End over ~ 5 m) and graphite target. Optima for graphite target (tilt beam): length = 80 cm, radius = 8 mm (with 2 mm rms beam radius), tilt angle = 65 mrad. Optima for graphite target (no-tilt beam): length = 80 cm, radius = 6.4 mm (with 1.6 mm rms beam radius), tilt angle = 0 mrad. 5/29/14

Summary (Cont’d) For 6.75 GeV (KE) beam, about 13% higher production by tilting the carbon target/proton beam. High-Z favored for particle production. Hg gives ~ 29.3% higher than C and Ga gives ~ 22.2% higher than C. Graphite proton beam dump, 120 cm long, 24 mm radius to intercept most of the (diverging) unscattered proton beam. 5/29/14