Reporting requirements under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement Presentation title Reporting requirements under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement CDM Standardized Baselines: opportunities to experience simplified tools for MRV Freetown, Sierra Leone, 21-22 March 2017 Andrea Camponogara UNFCCC Regional Collaboration Centre of Lomé

Outline Transparency and accountability Types of reports Assessment and review process Enhanced transparency under the Paris Agreement

2°C 1.5°C zero Long term objective Presentation title Most governments and observers called for increasing the ambtions fo the long term goal: from that of limiting global temperature increase by end of the century to a max 2 OC, to a more ambitious goal of 1.5 OC. Many governments and observers also called for a goal for zero, or net-zero, global GHG emission within this century. the final text includes reference to both of these key elements. The Paris Agreement recognises the 1.5°C goal without formalising this as the main objective of the Convention. The text changed from limiting temperature increase to a maximum of 2°C, to: “holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” (Article 2.1(a)). The Paris Agreement also became the first international climate agreement to refer to the need for net-zero emissions by stating: “(…) to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century” (Article 4.1). The combination of 2°C, 1.5°C and the aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero is a strong signal from the global community that will shift the benchmark against which countries and investors are expected to assess their development strategies and business plans. The reference to net zero emissions affirms the global political will to completely phase-out fossil fuel use in the long term, providing further impetus to the call for fossil fuel divestment. Any investor will think twice about whether investments in fossil fuels today or in the near future are viable.

Transparency and accountability Reporting is one of the cornerstones of the UN climate change regime: it provides transparency and is the basis for understanding and calibrate the implementation of the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Accurate, consistent and internationally comparable data on trends in GHG emissions and on efforts to change these trends. 

Types of report NCs - National Communications (every 4 years) National circumstances and institutional arrangements Adaptation measures Mitigation measures National GHG inventory Steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention Other information relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention Transfer of technologies Research and observation Constraints, gaps, and financial, technical and capacity needs Education, training and public awareness Capacity building Technical annex (optional) Information and networking

Types of report BURs – Biennial Update Reports (every 2 years) National circumstances and institutional arrangements relevant to NCs Name and description National GHG inventory Methodologies and assumptions Mitigation actions Objectives Other information relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention Progress of implementation International market mechanisms Constraints, gaps, and financial, technical and capacity needs Domestic MRV Technical annex (optional)

Assessment and review process International Consultation and Assessment

Global stocktake Enhanced transparency under the Paris Agreement ACTION: provide a clear understanding of climate change action in the light of the objective of the Convention, including: Clarity and tracking of progress towards achievements of NDC objectives Adaptation actions, including good practices, priorities, needs and gaps Global stocktake Every 5 years from 2023 SUPPORT: the purpose of the enhance transparency framework is to provide: Clarity on support provided and received for adaptation, technology development and capacity building An overview of aggregate financial support provided

Enhanced transparency under the Paris Agreement

Presentation title Thank you 10