Background Materials and Methods Results Conclusion High Prevalence of Hypo and Hyperthyroidism in Women in Post Iodization Era: A Hospital Based Study Nusrath Fathima*1, 2, Baderuzzaman3, Syyed Anees3, Parveen N2, M. Siraj4, M. Ishaq1, 2 1 Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 2 Salar-E-Millat Research centre for cellular and molecular medicine, PEH, Hyderabad 3 Dept. of Biochemistry OHRC and Princess Esra Hospital, DCMS Hyderabad 4 Dept. of Medicine Princess Esra Hospital, Hyderabad Background Iodine deficiency is considered as an important factor in the manifestations of goiter, hypothyroidism and intellectual disabilities. Iodine is an essential component of thyroxin (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) and has to be provided in the diet to avoid iodine deficiency. In 1983 when our country adapted the universal salt iodization programme it is noted that there is decline in goiter prevalence in several parts of our country. It was estimated that the majority of households (82% urban, 66.1% rural) is now consuming adequate iodized salt. There is a need for studies on the prevalence of thyroid disorder in post iodization period in order to investigate the evolving profile of thyroid disorders with this background the present study was carried out. Materials and Methods The subjects visiting the department of medicine, Princess Esra Hospital, Hyderabad for healthy check those who were advised thyroid profile test in age group of 10–70 years from both the sexes were screened and blood samples were collected after taking consent form. The screening was conducted in 516 total populations with 29 males and 487 females. All subjects were screened for thyroid disorders by thyroid function tests (FT3, FT4 and TSH). Those having any acute/chronic systemic illness or receiving steroids or other drugs that interferes with thyroid function test were excluded from the study. A small percentage of cases already diagnosed and suffering from hypo and hyperthyroidism were also included. Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was 33.52% in females and 2.32% in males whereas 4.06% females and 0.19%% males were with hyperthyroidism. Incidence of hypo and hyperthyroidism was highest in females of age 26-45 as compared to the males. Age Groups Figure: Figure: Conclusion Considerable increase in the percentage of thyroid disorders in post iodization era was observed. This appears to be arising in the prevalence of hypo and hyperthyroidism particularly in females showing the need for more studies in order to know the causes further to develop new therapeutic modalities.