NDT (Nondestructive Testing) for Welding Result Teknologi Las Kapal NDT (Nondestructive Testing) for Welding Result

Nondestructive Testing Visual Inspection Dye Penetrate Testing Magnetic Particle Test (Eddy Current) Ultrasonic Test Radiographic Testing (X-ray) Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Visual Inspection Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Visual Inspection • Basic principle: – illuminate the test specimen with light – examine the specimen with the eye • Used to: – to magnify defects which can not be detected by the unaided eye – to assist in the inspection of defects – to permit visual checks of areas not accessible to unaided eye • Most widely used of all the nondestructive tests. • Simple, easy to apply, quickly carried out and usually low in cost. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Visual Inspection Equipment • Magnifying Glass • Magnifying Mirror • Microscope • Borescope – endoscopes or endoprobes • Flexible Fiber Optic Borescope – working lengths are normally 60 to 365 cm with diameters from 3 to 12.5 mm • Video Imagescope Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Visual Inspection Equipment Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Dye Penetrant Test Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Dye Penetrant Test Section of material with a surface-breaking crack that visible to the naked eye Penetrant applied to the surface Excess penetrant removed Developer applied, rendering the crack visible Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Steps of dye penetrant testing clean the surface apply penetrant remove excess penetrant apply developer inspect / interpretation Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Dye Penetrant Test Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Magnetic Particle Test (Eddy Current) Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Principle • When an energized coil is brought near to the surface of a metal or conducting component, eddy currents are induced into the specimen. These currents set-up magnetic field that tend to oppose the original magnetic field. The impedance of coil in close proximity to the specimen is affected by the presence of the induced eddy currents in the specimen. • When the eddy currents in the specimen are distorted by the presence of the flaws or material variations, the impedance in the coil is altered. This change is measured and displayed in a manner that indicates the type of flaw or material condition. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Applications Used for Locating Surface or Near Surface Discontinuities A Magnetic Field is Applied to the Weldment and Iron Dust is Spread in Weld The Pattern of Flaws are Revealed by Particles Conforming to Distortions in the Magnetic Field Range from crack detection, to the rapid sorting of small components for either flaws, size variations, or material variation. Commonly used in aerospace, automotive, marine, and manufacturing industries. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Magnetic Particle Test Detect both surface & near surface irregularities Close contact not needed Can be automated No clean up Low cost equipment Response can be sensitive interpretation difficult Depth of penetration limited Need to maintain constant distance between coil and specimen for good resu Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Technique Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Technique Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Magnetic Particle Test Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Magnetic Particle Test Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Ultrasonic Test Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Principle • The use of ultrasonic waves to evaluate the condition of a material. • Anomalies absorb or deflect the sound waves, which are then detected as changes in the waves. – holes, delaminations, voids – damage, debonds – resin-rich, poor areas Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Ultrasonic instrument Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Through Transmission Mode Reflected Transmission Mode Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Sound reflection at a flaw Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Plate testing Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Through transmission testing Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Weld inspection Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Ultrasonic Test Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Radiographic Testing (X-ray) Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Radiographic Testing Radiographic Inspection is Suitable for all Materials, however, Applicability Depends on Joint Configuration and Material Thickness Flat Plates OK - Corner Joints No Teknologi dan Rekayasa

RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE ACQUISITION A digitization process is normally divided into two stages: the sampling stage, in which its spatial resolution is defined, and the quantization stage, in which the resolution of the gray tones of the image is defined. These two stages are very important, because they determine the level of information that the image will contain after being digitized Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Digitization of Phosphor Plates In addition to film digitization, there is the digitization of plates containing crystals of photostimulated phosphor in which, when exposed to X-rays or gamma rays, some of the electrons go to a higher semi stable energy state. Using a beam of rays, these electrons return to the stable energy state and emit visible light that is captured and converted into a digital radiographic image. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Radiographic process Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Radiographic process Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Teknologi dan Rekayasa