Extracellular superoxide dismutase increased the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stromal cells in radiation pulmonary fibrosis Li Wei, Jing.

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Extracellular superoxide dismutase increased the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stromal cells in radiation pulmonary fibrosis Li Wei, Jing Zhang, Zai-Liang Yang, Hua You Cytotherapy Volume 19, Issue 5, Pages 586-602 (May 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359 Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 SOD3 was highly expressed in infected UC-MSCs under optimal conditions. (A) The infection efficiency of SOD3-infected UC-MSCs was detected using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry results indicated that the efficiency of SOD3 infection increased with increasing MOI. However, when the MOI exceeded 200, the infection efficiency no longer increased, and MOI values of 200 or more led to negative effects on cell growth. Green fluorescence was strongly expressed in Ad-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs (B) and Ad-SOD3-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs (C) under the fluorescence microscope (MOI = 200). (D) SOD3 expression was analyzed in uninfected control cells, Ad-SOD3-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs and Ad-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs using Western blot. (E) Total SOD activity in culture medium was examined from uninfected control cells, Ad-SOD3-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs and Ad-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs using a biochemical assay. Error bars represent the SD. Double asterisk indicates P < 0.01. Abbreviation: n.s., not significant. Scale bar is 100 µm in B and C. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 SOD3 was highly expressed in infected UC-MSCs under optimal conditions. (A) The infection efficiency of SOD3-infected UC-MSCs was detected using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry results indicated that the efficiency of SOD3 infection increased with increasing MOI. However, when the MOI exceeded 200, the infection efficiency no longer increased, and MOI values of 200 or more led to negative effects on cell growth. Green fluorescence was strongly expressed in Ad-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs (B) and Ad-SOD3-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs (C) under the fluorescence microscope (MOI = 200). (D) SOD3 expression was analyzed in uninfected control cells, Ad-SOD3-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs and Ad-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs using Western blot. (E) Total SOD activity in culture medium was examined from uninfected control cells, Ad-SOD3-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs and Ad-EGFP–infected UC-MSCs using a biochemical assay. Error bars represent the SD. Double asterisk indicates P < 0.01. Abbreviation: n.s., not significant. Scale bar is 100 µm in B and C. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 UC-MSCs survived and engrafted in pulmonary. Representative immunohistochemical staining micrographs of a marker of human nuclei, MAB1281, in lung sections from ES treated-animals at 120 days post-irradiation. B is magnified image of boxed area in A. Arrows indicate UC-MSCs. Scale bar is 500 µm in A and 50 µm in B. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 SOD3 further enhanced UC-MSCs and induced histological improvement in pulmonary. (A) Representative micrographs of Masson's trichrome–stained lung sections from 30, 60 and 120 days post-irradiation with a single dose of 20 Gy, ES- and EU treated-animals at 120 days post-irradiation. (B) Representative micrographs of H-E–stained lung sections from normal control, untreated irradiation, early injection of SOD3-infected UC-MSCs and early injection of UC-MSCs. Bars: 500 µm in the left column, 100 µm in the middle column and 50 µm in the right column of A and B. Arrows indicate collagen deposition and increased mucus secretion, hollow circles indicate markedly thickened alveolar walls, five-pointed stars indicate alveolar space and arrowheads indicate alveolar hemorrhage. (C) The semi-quantitative analysis of fibrosis was performed and fibrosis score was obtained taking into account both the extent of tissue involvement and the types and severity of changes within affected areas. Error bars represent the SEM. Single asterisk represents P < 0.05 and triple indicates P < 0.001. Abbreviations: DS, delayed injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; DU, delayed injection of UC-MSCs; ES, early injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; EU, early injection of UC-MSCs; NC, normal control; n.s., not significant; UI, untreated irradiation. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 SOD3 further enhanced UC-MSCs and induced histological improvement in pulmonary. (A) Representative micrographs of Masson's trichrome–stained lung sections from 30, 60 and 120 days post-irradiation with a single dose of 20 Gy, ES- and EU treated-animals at 120 days post-irradiation. (B) Representative micrographs of H-E–stained lung sections from normal control, untreated irradiation, early injection of SOD3-infected UC-MSCs and early injection of UC-MSCs. Bars: 500 µm in the left column, 100 µm in the middle column and 50 µm in the right column of A and B. Arrows indicate collagen deposition and increased mucus secretion, hollow circles indicate markedly thickened alveolar walls, five-pointed stars indicate alveolar space and arrowheads indicate alveolar hemorrhage. (C) The semi-quantitative analysis of fibrosis was performed and fibrosis score was obtained taking into account both the extent of tissue involvement and the types and severity of changes within affected areas. Error bars represent the SEM. Single asterisk represents P < 0.05 and triple indicates P < 0.001. Abbreviations: DS, delayed injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; DU, delayed injection of UC-MSCs; ES, early injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; EU, early injection of UC-MSCs; NC, normal control; n.s., not significant; UI, untreated irradiation. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 SOD3 further inhibited (myo)fibroblast proliferation, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and protected AE2 cells damage. Representative micrographs of α-SMA (A), SPB (B) and Iba1 (C) in lung tissues from NC, UI, ES and EU. Bars: 100 µm. (D) The number of α-SMA, SP-B and Iba1 immunohistochemical-positive cells were counted and quantified. Error bars represent the SEM. Single asterisk represents P < 0.05, double asterisk indicates P < 0.01 and triple indicates P < 0.001. Abbreviations: DS, delayed injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; DU, delayed injection of UC-MSCs; ES, early injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; EU, early injection of UC-MSCs; NC, normal control; n.s., not significant; UI, untreated irradiation. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 SOD3 further inhibited (myo)fibroblast proliferation, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and protected AE2 cells damage. Representative micrographs of α-SMA (A), SPB (B) and Iba1 (C) in lung tissues from NC, UI, ES and EU. Bars: 100 µm. (D) The number of α-SMA, SP-B and Iba1 immunohistochemical-positive cells were counted and quantified. Error bars represent the SEM. Single asterisk represents P < 0.05, double asterisk indicates P < 0.01 and triple indicates P < 0.001. Abbreviations: DS, delayed injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; DU, delayed injection of UC-MSCs; ES, early injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; EU, early injection of UC-MSCs; NC, normal control; n.s., not significant; UI, untreated irradiation. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 SOD3 reduced collagen levels and restored redox state homeostasis ameliorated by US-MSCs in pulmonary. (A) The Hyp content, as a reliable marker of lung tissue collagen protein level, was measured using a biochemical assay, and presented as micrograms of Hyp per gram of wet weight (mg/g) (n = 6). The total SOD activity (B), CAT activity (C) and MDA content (D) in lung tissues were determined at 120 days post-irradiation (n = 6). Error bars represent SEM. Single asterisk represents P < 0.05 and double asterisk indicates P < 0.01. Abbreviations: DS, delayed injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; DU, delayed injection of UC-MSCs; ES, early injection of SOD3 infected UCMSCs; EU, early injection of UC-MSCs; NC, normal control; n.s., not significant; UI, untreated irradiation. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 SOD3 improved the inflammation status ameliorated by US-MSCs in pulmonary. Lung samples were collected from animals at 120 days post-irradiation and were analyzed using ELISA (n = 6). Error bars represent the SEM. Single asterisk represents P < 0.05 and double asterisk indicates P < 0.01. Abbreviations: DS, delayed injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; DU, delayed injection of UC-MSCs; ES, early injection of SOD3 infected UC-MSCs; EU, early injection of UC-MSCs; NC, normal control; n.s., not significant; UI, untreated irradiation. Cytotherapy 2017 19, 586-602DOI: (10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359) Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy Terms and Conditions