IPv6 Deployment: Business Cases and Development Options INET CURACAO :: 8 October 2012

IPv6 Business Cases © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. Do not share this material with anyone other than CableLabs Members, and vendors under CableLabs NDA if applicable. 5/27/2018

IPv4 Address Exhaustion 4,294,967,296 theoretical maximum IPv4 addresses 7,043,370,199 Current World Population (census.gov) 5,373,000,000 Number of Mobile Devices (ITU – 2010) 3 February 2011 – The global IPv4 free pool exhausted 15 April 2011 – APNIC IPv4 free pool exhausted 14 September 2012 – RIPE IPv4 free pool exhausted Business Continuity © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. Do not share this material with anyone other than CableLabs Members, and vendors under CableLabs NDA if applicable. 5/27/2018

Customer Experience CGN Challenges Poor quality of experience for advanced services Peer-to-peer, video streaming, gaming, etc. Negative impact to targeted advertising/geo-location Logging requirements for lawful intercept Petabytes of data https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-donley-nat444-impacts Customer Experience Email a problem now too / address reputation Troubleshooting – need NAT operator’s help Expensive in Opex Expensive in Capex – session state memory, session logging, bandwidth Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary/Confidential. 5/27/2018

Enabling the Future New Possibilities End-to-end global addressing opens new opportunities Remote access, configuration, management, and monitoring Machine to machine communication; the “Internet of Things” In-home Internet development Enabling the Future SMA - Security Monitoring & Automation © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

IPv6 Deployment © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Dual-Stack Add native IPv6 support in addition to existing IPv4 Allows devices to communicate over either protocol IPv6 should be preferred to encourage migration Global IPv6 can be combined with “Private” IPv4 Provides legacy IPv4 support Dual-Stack is THE migration strategy of choice © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. Do not share this material with anyone other than CableLabs Members, and vendors under CableLabs NDA if applicable. 5/27/2018

Dual Stack © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Dual Stack Device IPv4-Only Dual-Stack IPv6-Only Application IPv4 Ethernet TCP Application IPv4 Ethernet TCP IPv6 Application IPv6 Ethernet TCP A dual-stack device includes both an IPv4 and an IPv6 protocol stack. © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Dual-Stack Network IPv4-Only Host Dual-Stack Router Dual-Stack Router Dual-Stack Host A dual-stack network provides connectivity for both IPv4 and IPv6 devices. IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible on the wire but they can both function on the same network in a “ships in the night” manner. IPv6-Only Host © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Transport Header (TCP/UDP) Configured Tunnels IPv6 packets encapsulated in IPv4 protocol 41 Allows IPv6 nodes to communicate over IPv4-only infrastructure Can be configured router-to-router, host-to-router/router-to-host, or host-to-host Challenges: Best path considerations (latency, jitter, etc.) Tunnel end-point capacity MTU Can be useful for trials MORE? See RFC 3056 “Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds” IPv4 (Protocol 41) Header IPv6 Header Transport Header (TCP/UDP) Data © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Automatic Tunnels (Dynamic Tunneling) 6to4, Teredo, ISATAP Typically rely on third party relays and servers Best path considerations (latency, jitter, etc.) Server/relay capacity/availability Security concerns MTU Many early implementations broken Tunnel interface blackhole Should not be relied upon for production services © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. Do not share this material with anyone other than CableLabs Members, and vendors under CableLabs NDA if applicable. 5/27/2018

6RD – ‘IPv6 Rapid Deployment’ A modification of 6to4 defined in RFC 5969 Deployed within a single service provider network Significant drawbacks Requires new CPE No clear path to native IPv6 Used temporarily in extreme situations © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. Do not share this material with anyone other than CableLabs Members, and vendors under CableLabs NDA if applicable. 5/27/2018

NAT64/DNS64 Allows an IPv6-only network to communicate with legacy IPv4 networks Uses NAT and DNS in combination NAT & DNS devices must share state IPv6 prefix 64:ff9b::/96 Allows 32-bit IPv4 address mapping Challenges: NAT/DNS single points of failure IPv6-only network? © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

In Summary Deploy IPv6: Dual-Stack where you can To Ensure Business Continuity For an Enhanced Customer Experience To Enable the Future of New Opportunities Dual-Stack where you can Tunnel where you must (only for as long as you must) © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Questions? Chris Grundemann Architect, IP Networks c.grundemann@cablelabs.com © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Backup © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018 Do not share this material with anyone other than CableLabs Members, and vendors under CableLabs NDA if applicable. 5/27/2018

IPv4 Address Exhaustion Statistics as of September 2011. © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

What is the End-to-End Principle? “functionalities should be implemented in the communication endpoints, intermediate routers should concentrate on moving packets from left to right” This principle allows new devices and applications to be deployed without the need to change intermediate routers. This is what allowed the World Wide Web (WWW) to be built on top of the Internet without any infrastructure changes. MORE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_principle © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Network Address Translation (NAT) Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary/Confidential. 5/27/2018

PAT and Address Overloading NAPT Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary/Confidential. 5/27/2018

NAT Breaks End to End Communication UPnP IGD, STUN, TURN, ICE, etc… Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary/Confidential. 5/27/2018

[RFC 6598] http://chrisgrundemann.com/index.php/2011/nat444-cgn-lsn-breaks/

IPv6 Address Availability Statistics as of September 2011. /3 = 12.5% of total possible IPv6 space (One 8th) 512 /12s in a /3 © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

eFridge & The Smart Kitchen Eco-System © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018

Improvements Larger Addressing Space Simple Header Extension Headers IP Security Improved Multicast No Broadcast Flow Label © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018