Controlled breathing at 0 Controlled breathing at 0.16 Hz significantly decreased the contribution of nonneural mechanisms to the HF power of the HRV in healthy controls (○) and patients with CHF (●). Controlled breathing at 0.16 Hz significantly decreased the contribution of nonneural mechanisms to the HF power of the HRV in healthy controls (○) and patients with CHF (●). Average data are geometric means ± SD. *P < 0.005, CHF patients vs. controls.¶P < 0.01 vs. spontaneous breathing for both groups. Magdi El-Omar et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001;280:H125-H131 ©2001 by American Physiological Society