Ch. 4 + outlining Today we will… Reflect on ch. 3 and assess our learning of the objectives Get test back Go over outlining technique Outline ch. 4 sec. 1 ET: What is an outline? What are some components of a great outline?

What goes in the box? ?

Components of an outline DEF. Outline: an organized set of personal notes created from text or lesson Components of an outline Indents/bullets: indent and bullet all sub-topics Headings: create headings to organize the information into smaller chunks. *note: the book does this for you Highlighting: it is often helpful to highline or underline headings that fall under the same topic *This is another way to color code your notes

4.1 Climate Today I will… Identify factors that influence climate change Describe what makes climate change occur Explain the greenhouse effect. Create a climatograph to examine climate throughout the worlds different biomes. ET: What is the difference between Climate and Weather?

Weather VS. Climate Climate – A regions long term patterns of temp. and precipitation Microclimate? Weather – Day to day conditions of the earths atmosphere

The Green House Effect (factor 1) Green house gasses CO2, methane, and water vapor. These gases create a barrier that trap solar energy and warm the earth – The Green House Effect

Latitude creates climate zones (factor 2) Polar Temperate Tropical

Global Winds and Ocean Currents (Factor 3) pg. 98

Introduction to Climate Graphs (Climatograph pg. 112-115) You are to make a bar graph for the precipitation data. Then plot the temperature data in a line graph Use the climate graphes on pg.

4.2 Niches and Community Interactions ET: Make a vocabulary flip for the following words – make sure to develop definitions in your own words 15 min. Tolerance Habitat Niche Resources Competitive Exclusion Predation Herbivory Keystone species LT: Today I will… Define a niche Describe and explain factors that shape the overall composition of a community Competition, limiting resources/nutrients, predation, human impact, herbivory, symbiotic relationships Describe group behaviors that increase individual species’ rates of survival Hunting, schooling, flocking, migrating, swarming

Habitat: Where an organism lives The range of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and the way it obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce = Niche Resources – water, nutrients, light, food, space Physical Aspects – climate (moisture etc..) Biological – reproduction, food

Tolerance The ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental circumstances

Competitive Exclusion Principle No two species can occupy the same niche, in the same place, at the same time

Bamboo Lemurs Share Resources?

Read the section entitled “dividing Resources” on pg. 101 What is resource sharing? How does it shape an ecosystem? LT: Same as last time

Sharing Resources Species may divide up the resources in stead of competing for them

Where do they fit? Read the descriptions below and place the letter in the box where you think each bird belongs

Symbioses Today I will… ET: Read the keystone species article? (5 min) Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities Identify the three types of symbiotic relationships in nature ET: Read the keystone species article? (5 min)

Article on keystone species Keystone Species: A species who’s survival is “key” to stability of the ecosystem Article on keystone species

How does predation and herbivory shape communities? Predator-Prey Relationships: this impacts the size and location of prey populations Ex. Birds of prey control the population size, feeding and location of various small mammals Herbivore-Plant Relationships: this impacts the size and location of plant populations. Ex. White tailed dear degrading their favorite plant food source

Symbiosis Mutualism -  +  (Both Benefit) Ex. Clown fish and sea anemones Parasitism -  +  (One Benefits + One is harmed) Ex. Leech on a human Commensalism -  + neutral (One Benefits + one is neutral) Ex. Barnacles on a grey whale

4.2 Ecosystem Relationships LT: Same as Friday ET: Use the following terms and explain how they shape and ecosystem and increase a species ability to survive Competition, limiting resources/nutrients, predation, human impact, herbivory, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, migration, flocking

4.3 Succession LT: Today I will… Compare/contrast the two types of ecological succession Describe the stages of succession in an ecosystem that has been disturbed ET: What kinds of disturbances cause an ecosystem to undergo change? Address climate graphs and how we will use them tomorrow

Ecological Succession: changes in an ecosystem over time. Where have you seen succession? Newly paved driveway Cleaning your room Cutting down a tree Moving to a new house A mall throughout the holidays

2 Types of Succession Secondary: occurs when existing communities are not completely wiped out. Ex. Farmer plowing a field Primary: occurs when no soil exists. Ex. Volcanic eruption We will spend the rest of class looking at the similarities and differences between these two types

Succession Foldable pg. 106 Building This foldable will help us to… describe the stages of succession compare/contrast primary and secondary succession

4.3 Succession LT: Today I will… Compare/contrast the two types of ecological succession Describe the stages of succession in an ecosystem that has been disturbed ET: Pick up a copy of the article on Mt. St. Helens. Answer the following questions: Address climate graphs and how we will use them tomorrow

Analogy of Succession With your group, think of an “everyday” scenario that could be used as an analogy for explaining the process of succession. (review the definition of succession) Your groups is going to create a poster of this analogy that must include the following Descriptive title Colored Pictures of each stage Explanation of stage Pioneering Intermediate Climax picture Picture explanation

Mt. St. Helens: A story of Ecological Succession What? When? Why? What is

Mt. St. Helens Article (Assessment) What type of succession is going on in the Mt. St. Helens area? What stage is it in? (Pioneer, intermediate, or climax) What is your evidence?