RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND Technical University of Sofia RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND CONNECTION TO THE GRID OF WIND TURBINES IN BAIKAL Made by: Álvaro Itoiz Donamaría Supervisor: Svetlana Tzvetkova Sofía, 28 April 2013

INDEX Aims of the project Renewable energies Wind turbines situation Wind characteristics Wind turbine selection Wind turbine characteristics Energy production Electrical calculations Ground calculations Transformer center Summary of elements Conclusion

AIMS OF THE PROJECT Consideration of some of the different renewable energies. Design and calculate the wind turbines in a Bulgarian area knowing the wind characteristics and the field that we have. Design the electrical elements to connect the wind turbines to the grid (transformers, cables, protections…)

RENEWABLE ENERGIES SOLAR BIOMASS WIND

WIND TURBINES SITUATION N43o 42.254’ E24o 24.742’, at altitude of 160 m above the sea level.

WIND CHARACTERISTICS Frequency (%) Average speed (m/s) N 14,674 7,43   Frequency (%) Average speed (m/s) N 14,674 7,43 NNE 8,440 5,2 ENE 9,001 4,47 E 12,305 4,8 ESE 7,866 4,43 SSE 2,795 3,43 S 2,169 2,86 SSW 4,169 3,63 WSW 11,578 4,24 W 11,055 4,92 WNW 5,117 5,44 NNW 10,831 7,85

WIND CHARACTERISTICS Selection of the turbines height 50.0m NE – Mean wind speed 40.0m NE – Mean wind speed 30.0m NE – Mean wind speed 2007 2008 Mean January   5.58 5.20 5.09 February 6.07 5.85 5.70 March 5.28 6.05 5.87 5.01 5.94 5.73 4.77 5.67 5.47 April 4.38 4.18 4.14 May 4.27 4.03 3.99 June 4.83 4.47 4.50 July 5.07 4.80 August 4.92 4.82 September 5.62 5.16 5.05 October 5.10 4.71 4.67 November 6.90 6.49 6.31 December 5.15 5.17 4.91 Mean, all data 5.90 5.34 4.85 5.49 4.96

WIND CHARACTERISTICS Speed (m/s) % Frequency 4,708 9 4,439 18 0,203 1 4,708 9 4,439 18 0,203 1 6,62 10 3,237 19 0,16 2 9,866 11 2,604 20 0,112 3 12,201 12 1,886 21 0,071 4 12,658 13 1,53 22 0,035 5 12,494 14 0,969 23 0,015 6 10,487 15 0,567 24 0,013 7 8,418 16 0,332 25 0,002 8 6,117 17 0,257 26

WIND TURBINE SELECTION D48-600kW of Dewind Iberia, S.A.

WIND TURBINE SELECTION WIND TURBINE CLASS (III) WIND TURBINE HEIGHT DIAMETER OF THE ROTOR POWER VS WIND SPEED OF THE TURBINE GOOD FOR LOW DENSITY AND LOW SPEED

WIND TURBINE CHARACTARISTICS Blades 3 of fiberglass and epoxy resin. Perfil Serie 63. 23,1 m long. Multiplier Spur gears 1:45,5 Orientation system Yaw system (active) Brake system Pitch angle and emergency disc brakes Generator Asynchronous dual feed. Sliding range 35%. Connection to the net: directly and by Inverter IGBTU-U

ENERGY PRODUCTION 1 Wind turbine The 3 wind turbines Average electric power (kW) Average efficiency (%) 151,944 54,4786041 Average wind power (kW) Maximum efficiency (%) 470,331 75,9504864 Electric energy in one year (GWh) 1,33103294 455,832 Wind energy in one year (GWh) 4,12010364 3,99309883 Equivalent hours Real energy in one year (MWh) 2218,38824 3644,006 Average Cp 0,32305812 Maximum Cp 0,45

ELECTRICAL CALCULATION Cables between turbines and transformers (Page 75-77) 630 kW in a distance of 300 m. The cables of the three turbines will be: RV-K 0,6/1kV 3x630 Co + 2x400 Co

ELECTRICAL CALCULATION Series B-B' Hermetic Rated Power kVA 800 Type   TMXB Rated Voltage HV kV 20 Rated Voltage LV V 400 Vector-group symbol Dyn5 No-load losses W 1450 Load losses 10500 Impedance voltage % 6 Weight of oil kg 490 Weight of transformer 2420 Transformers 800 kVA (690V/20kV) In a prefabricated building Oil transformers Calculation of the short circuits and the busbar. Protection in medium and low voltage

GROUND CALCULATIONS Protection ground and service ground separately    

TRANSFORMER CENTER

SUMMARY OF ELEMENTS Element Quantity Description Turbine 3 Turbines D48-600kW of Dewind Iberia, S.A. Connection between turbine and transformers 2 Cables RV-K 0,6/1kV 3x630 Co + 2x400 Co 250 m 1 Cables RV-K 0,6/1kV 3x630 Co + 2x400 Co 300 m Transformation centers non-electric elements Prefabricated buildings Protection grounds 70-60/5/46 (UNESA) Service grounds 5/44 (UNESA) Transformation centers HV elements Transformers Elprom Trafo CH 800 kVA 690V/20kV Lift cell Measuring cell Protection cell Transformation centers LV elements 3 Magnetothermal 630A 22kA C Differential 630A 300mA Manual switch Measuring panel low voltage to control the energy that we produce (3 current transformer and 3 voltage transformer for each one) 6 Monophasic power points 12 Lamps 2x58W Switch for the light Emergency lights Elements to protect and control the energy spend in LV 1 Transformer Elprom Trafo CH 50 kVA 20 kV/400V Measuring panel low voltage to control the energy we spend Differential 125A 30mA Magnetothermal 125A 10kA C

SUMMARY OF ELEMENTS

CONCLUSION THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND THEIR STUDY COMPLEXITY OF WIND TURBINES PROJECT COMPLEXITY OF THE WIND TURBINE SELECTION

END RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND CONNECTION TO THE GRID OF WIND TURBINES IN BAIKAL END Álvaro Itoiz Donamaría