Mesopotamian Civilization: Part 1 Begun 8/14/2017 9/27/2010 ‹#› 1 Need more help? Email me or come to office hours- Wednesday afternoon

What happened before Mesopotamian Civilization? * Paleolithic Age= 2.5 million years ago to 8000 BCE *Neolithic Age= 8000 BCE to 3000 BCE *Bronze Age began around 3000 BCE 9/27/2010 ‹#› 2

Development of Ancient River Valley Civilizations aka = “Cradles of Civilization 3500 BCE Rivers needed for irrigation of crops •1.Mesopotamia –1.Tigris R. & Euphrates R. •2.Egypt –1.Nile R. •3.India –1.Indus R. •4.China –1.Huang He 9/27/2010 ‹#›

First Four River Valley Civilizations Cradles of Civilization 9/27/2010 ‹#› 3

9/27/2010 ‹#› 4 Nile River

Mesopotamia Nile River 9/27/2010 ‹#› 5 Nile River

Mesopotamia Indus River Nile River 9/27/2010 ‹#› 6 Indus River Nile River

Mesopotamia Huang He Indus River Nile River 9/27/2010 ‹#› 7 Indus River Nile River

Why are they called ‘Cradles of Civilization?’ Mesopotamia Huang He Why are they called ‘Cradles of Civilization?’ 9/27/2010 ‹#› 8 Indus River Nile River

Characteristics of Civilization Complex Social Institutions Government Organized Complex Religions Polytheistic Advanced Technology Irrigation Systems Engineering Palaces/Temples Division of Labor Specialization of Labor Artisans Calendar Keep track of flooding & religious ceremonies Written Language Keep records of agriculture/taxes 9/27/2010 ‹#›

Mesopotamia Fertile Crescent Meso = Middle Po = River Tamia = Land Part of an area known as the Fertile Crescent 9/27/2010 ‹#›

•Independent city surrounded by farmland •Ruled by individual rulers What is a city-state? •Independent city surrounded by farmland •Ruled by individual rulers 9/27/2010 ‹#› 13

Oldest cities in the World are thought to be Sumer’s. Farmland City 9/27/2010 ‹#› 14 Farmland Oldest cities in the World are thought to be Sumer’s.

What types of governments began during this time? Dynasties – * series of rulers from the same family *usually a Monarchy 9/27/2010 ‹#› 16

Besides rulers, who ranked at the top of social classes? Priests – people believed they spoke with the gods. 9/27/2010 ‹#› 17

What were the Sumerian temples? •temple & religious center Ziggurats – •temple & religious center • stored grain • housed priests 9/27/2010 ‹#› 19

Sumerian Ziggurat ca. 3500 B.C.E. Mayan Pyramid ca. 700 C.E. Sumerian Ziggurat ca. 3500 B.C.E. 9/27/2010 ‹#› 21

What inventions can be attributed to the Sumerians? wheel plow 9/27/2010 ‹#› 22 sail And….

The City 9/27/2010 ‹#› 23 And….

9/27/2010 ‹#› 24 The umbrella!

The most important invention?.... World’s first form of written language… Cuneiform 9/27/2010 ‹#› 25

Created using small wedge-shaped stylus on clay tablets 9/27/2010 ‹#› 26 Examples

The Epic of Gilgamesh. Oldest known written story The Epic of Gilgamesh * Oldest known written story *Follows the adventures of the Sumerian King of Uruk 9/27/2010 ‹#› 29

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Mesopotamian Civilization: Part 2 9/27/2010 ‹#› 1 Need more help? Email me or come to office hours- Wednesday afternoon Quiz Friday!

Essential Knowledge 13. What were the 1st 4 River Valley Civilizations? 14. What was the name of the earliest known civilization? 15. What is an independent city surrounded by farmland? 16. What is the earliest known written language? 9/27/2010 ‹#› 30

What other civilizations came about during/after the Sumerians? 1.Akkadians 2.Babylonians 3.Phoenicians 4.Assyrians 5.Hebrews 9/27/2010 ‹#› 31

Akkadians Greatest Leader = Sargon 1st to create an Empire conquered city-states of Sumer Lasted only 200 years fighting within empire famine 9/27/2010 ‹#› 33

Sargon of Akkad – 1st Emperor 9/27/2010 ‹#› 34 Sargon of Akkad – 1st Emperor

The Babylonians •Overtook Sumerians •Capital city = Babylon •Greatest Ruler = Hammurabi •Hammurabi’s greatest contribution = World’s first law code. 9/27/2010 ‹#› 35

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Hammurabi’s Law Code Specific punishments for specific actions Property issues Harsh punishments. Social classes punished/rewarded differently Think/raise/speak (30 seconds)- Is this fair? Why or why not? 9/27/2010 ‹#› 37

Eye for an Eye mentality. Upper classes treated differently from lower classes 9/27/2010 ‹#› 39

Essential Knowledge 17. Who was the World’s 1st Emperor? 18. Which Mesopotamian Civilization had Hammurabi as their greatest ruler? 19. What was Hammurabi’s greatest achievement? 20. True or False: All people were equal under Hammurabi’s Law Code? 9/27/2010 ‹#› 40

Okay, Let’s Review! 9/27/2010 ‹#› 41

What is the term for an independent city which is surrounded by farmland? A city-state 9/27/2010 ‹#› 42

What was the first civilization to create cities? Sumer 9/27/2010 ‹#› 43

What were some of the inventions of the Sumerians? 1. Plow 2. Umbrella 3. Wheel 4. Cities 5. Language 9/27/2010 ‹#› 44

What was their written language called? Cuneiform 9/27/2010 ‹#› 45

Who was the Akkadian leader who first created an empire? Sargon 9/27/2010 ‹#› 46

What civilization created a great capital on the banks of the Euphrates? The Babylonians 9/27/2010 ‹#› 47

What great Babylonian leader created the first law code? Hammurabi 9/27/2010 ‹#› 48