RICKETTSIA This is a bacterial It resembles viruses in:

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Presentation transcript:

RICKETTSIA This is a bacterial genus. @ It resembles viruses in: Obligate parasites (live inside the cell). b) Same size as the largest virus.

@ It is different from viruses in: a) Contains both DNA & RNA. b) Multiplies by binary fission. c) Transmitted by lice, fleas, mites, and ticks d) Possesses enzymes. e) Sensitive to antiseptics and antibiotics.

Rickettsia has 3 groups: SPECIES: Rickettsia has 3 groups: 1- Typhus group, contains the species: a) R. prowazeki. b) R. typhi. 2- Scrub typhus group, contains the species: a) R. tsutsugamushi. 3- Spotted fever group, contains the species: a) R. conori b) R. conori pijperi c) R. siberica d) R. rickettsi

NORMAL HABITAT & TRANSMISSION @ R. prowazeki: host is Man. Man is infected by the body louse. @ R. typhi: host is rats. Man is infected by the rat flea

@ R. rickettsi: host is dogs, and rodents. Man is infected by ticks. @ R. tsutsugamushi: host is rat. Man is infected by the bite of a mite. @ R. conori & R. siberica: host is dogs & rodents. Man is infected by ticks.

Diseases: @ R. prowazeki: causes louse-borne typhus (epidemic typhus). @ R.typhi: causes flea-borne typhus (endemic typhus). @ R. tsutsugamushi: causes mite-borne typhus (scrub typhus). @ R. conori & R. conori pijperi: cause tick-borne typhus.

@ R. siberica: causes Indian tick typhus fever. @ R. rickettsi: causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Laboratory Diagnosis * Microscopy: @ Rickettsiae occur as cocci or rods. In tissues they are stained by Giemsa, Macchiavello, or Castaneda stains. * Culture: @ Cultured in chick-embryo.

Serology: 3 tests: Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test: Very reliable. Used in detecting acute infections. 2. CFT: Not very sensitive. 3. Weil-Felix reaction: Depends on cross reactivity between antibodies of Rickettsia and antibodies of: # Proteus vulgaris: strains OX19 & OX2 # Proteus mirabilis: strain OXK.

Weil-Felix Test: @ In louse-borne & flea-borne typhus: Antibodies rise after 3rd week after infection @ False negative results occur in infections of R. tsutsugamushi. @ False positive results occur with Proteus, relapsing fever, brucellosis, and infectious mononucleosis infections

Immunity: @ First IgM antibodies appears, then followed by IgG which persists in serum for many years. @ Infection with louse-borne typhus and spotted fever give immunity for 1 year then reinfection may occur. @ Reinfection in scrub typhus is rare.