DO NOW FRIDAY Global warming and climate change-Which one causes the other? (Write a sentence to explain.) Describe one way that a natural process contributes to global warming (by producing greenhouse gases, such as CO2 or methane). Natural forest fires Animal respiration (breathing) Volcanic eruptions Cow and other animal waste (produces methane-another greenhouse gas) Ocean-atmosphere exchange of CO2

DO NOW MONDAY Today will be the last day you have in class to work on your project. Get out ChromeBook, poster, etc. and finish your project!!

TODAY’S PLAN To explain how natural processes contribute to global warming. To explain how human activities contribute to global warming. To analyze data/evidence to determine how natural processes and human activities have contributed to global warming. TODAY’S DO Finish Global Warming Poster Project

DO NOW FRIDAY Post your poster underneath a post-it note that is placed on the cabinets or the wall using some masking tape. Then be seated and put your name on the handout that is on your desk.

TODAY’S PLAN To explain how natural processes contribute to global warming. To explain how human activities contribute to global warming. To analyze data/evidence to determine how natural processes and human activities have contributed to global warming. TODAY’S DO Global Warming Poster Project Gallery Walk and Notes

Expectations Remain with your partner at ALL times as you rotate through. Rotate CLOCKWISE to the next poster ONLY when instructed to do so. VOICE LEVEL 1 Read each poster and complete a line on your Notes sheet as you read. Stay on task-you will have only about 2 minutes at each poster. The Gallery Walk and Notes must be completed TODAY.

Exit Slip What is the greenhouse effect? What does it cause? Refers to the trapping of the sun’s heat close to earth by the “blanket” of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (similar to how a greenhouse glass traps heat from the sun inside the greenhouse to keep plants warm during cold weather). What does it cause? Global warming What is meant by “carbon footprint”? The amount of greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossils fuels by a single person (or group or event)

What is this a picture of?

DO NOW WEDNESDAY Welcome our DARE officer: Officer Thomas TODAY’S PLAN I can make smart choices when it comes to drugs and alcohol TODAY’S DO DARE Program

TODAY’S PLAN I can make smart chocies when it comes to drugs and alcohol TODAY’S DO DARE Program

Six Degrees Could Change the World https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_pb1G2wIoA&list=PLGNkL9gxI16NXzo-nKZGY_rpkIGQFrEqr

DO NOW THURSDAY What causes global warming? What are at least 2 ways we can help to lessen or prevent global warming? Plant more trees Quit burning fossil fuels-use altrnative energy sources that don’t produce CO2

TODAY’S PLAN TODAY’S DO To explain and model a specific alternative energy source. To evaluate the importance of using alternative energy sources. TODAY’S DO Research a specific alternative energy source. Create a 2-D or 3-D model of a specific alternative energy source. Create a display

Energy Expo Project Groups of three people. EXPECTATIONS Stay with your group. Do your part. Contribute positively. In your group, you should assign each person a certain part of the project to complete. This will ensure that everyone does their part and will get the project done before it is due next Friday.

Making a Difference One Watt at a Time

Introduction Is the world getting warmer? If so, are the actions of mankind to blame for earth’s temperature increases? What can/should be done about these issues? In examining global warming, we will be looking at questions such as  Is the world getting warmer?  If so, are the actions of mankind to blame for earth’s temperature increases?  What can or should be done about global warming?  Are the potential resolutions to global warming worth the cost to implement them? 

Earth’s Temperature Normally, the Sun’s heat and light hit the Earth and most is reflected back into space.

Earth’s Temperature Solar Energy Solar Energy Sun The temperature of the earth is directly related to the energy input from the Sun.  Some of the Sun’s energy is reflected by clouds.  Other is reflected by ice. The remainder is absorbed by the earth. 

Earth’s Temperature Heat being reflected back into space is called radiation cooling and keeps the Earth’s surface a constant temperature.

Earth’s Temperature Solar Energy Radiation Cooling Sun  If amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth is equal to the amount radiated back into space, the earth remains at a constant temperature. 

Earth’s Temperature If there is not enough radiation cooling of the Earth, then Earth’s surface gets too hot.

Solar Energy Earth’s Temperature Sun Radiation Cooling  However, if the amount of solar energy is greater than the amount radiated, then the earth heats up. 

Earth’s Temperature If there is too much radiation cooling, the Earth’s surface would get too cold.

Radiation Cooling Earth’s Temperature Sun Solar Energy  If the amount of solar energy is less than the amount radiated, then the earth cools down. 

Earth’s Temperature With the build up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, due to the burning of fossil fuels, there is not enough radiation cooling happening, causing the Earth’s surface temperature to rise.

Solar Energy Earth’s Temperature Sun Radiation Cooling  However, if the amount of solar energy is greater than the amount radiated, then the earth heats up. 

Global Warming This rise in Earth’s temperature is called global warming. The carbon dioxide build up in the air is preventing the Sun’s heat from being reflected back out into space. Instead, when the heat is reflected off of the surface of the Earth, it hits the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and is reflected back down toward the Earth again.

Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect In other, words, the heat from the Sun cannot escape the Earth’s atmosphere. It is trapped, like a greenhouse traps heat to keep plants warm in the winter. Therefore, this is called the Greenhouse Effect

Sun Greenhouse Effect To a certain degree, the earth acts like a greenhouse.  Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass of a greenhouse and warms the air and objects within the greenhouse. The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside it. 

Earth’s Atmospheric Gases: Not All are Greenhouse Gases Nitrogen (N2) Non- Greenhouse Gases 99% Oxygen (O2) Water (H2O) Greenhouse Gases 1% Likewise, the earth’s atmospheric gases affect the ability of the earth to radiate the Sun’s energy back into space.  Nitrogen and  Oxygen  make up 99% of the earth’s atmospheric gases  and are non-greenhouse gases.  Water,  Carbon Dioxide,  and Methane  make up 1% of the earth’s atmosphere,  but are greenhouse gases, since they cause the earth to retain heat.  Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4)

These greenhouse gases last a long time… The U.S. emits about 6.4 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases annually, 25% of the world’s total. 6.4 billion metric tons CO2/yr These greenhouse gases last a long time… Carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for approximately 100 years, methane lasts about 12 years. Other greenhouse gases last even longer. Warming begets more warming… As these gases continue to raise surface temperatures, they trigger the release of even greater quantities of carbon dioxide and methane that are currently trapped in frozen Arctic permafrost and tundra soils, further increasing temperatures. A feedback mechanism ensues… …potentially causing “runaway global warming”.

TODAY’S PLAN TODAY’S DO To demonstrate Mastery of Weather and Climate Learning Targets on a written exam. TODAY’S DO We will review our study for out Weather and Climate Test. Multiple Choice- Tuesday Open Response- Thursday DARE- Wednesday

Worldwide Carbon Emissions 8 Liquid fuel Total Gas fuel Solid fuel 7 6 5 Carbon (109 metric tons) 4 3 This spike is due to the exponential increase in the use of fossil fuels over the last 150 years. Shown here are emissions of carbon from  gas,  solid,  liquid fuels, and  the total carbon emissions.  2 1 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Year

Annual Carbon Emissions 8 Annual carbon emissions Atmospheric CO2 Atmospheric CO2 average 6 Carbon (109 metric tons) 4 Despite this rapid increase in  carbon emissions, only about  half the carbon can be detected in the atmosphere. The remainder of the carbon dioxide is being dissolved in the oceans or incorporated into trees.  2 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 Year

Future Carbon Dioxide Levels Increasing CO2 emissions, especially in China and developing countries Likely to double within 150 years: Increased coal usage Increased natural gas usage Decreased petroleum usage (increased cost and decreasing supply) Future Carbon Emissions  will probably increase, especially in China and developing countries  This will result in a likely doubling of carbon dioxide levels within 150 years, due to  Increased coal usage  And increased natural gas usage,  although petroleum usage is likely to decrease due to increased cost and decreasing supply 

40 % Households are Big Contributors to Climate Change Of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions come from households: Vehicles Home Heating Electricity 40 %

So how can each of us slow global warming now?

Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to our energy consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewer greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This will help slow global warming. Mountaintop removal for coal mining near Rawl, West Virginia. 50% of electricity in the United States is produced from coal. (

Average Electricity Emission Factors

Kitchen Light Fixture Three 60 Watt Bulbs

197,100 18 x3 54 x 10 1000 3 197.1 kWh/yr 540 18 W bulbs 10 hours a Wh/day 540x365 197,100 Wh/day 3 bulbs 18 W 10 hours a day

197 kWh $115.34 $35.46 228.52 743.3 514.8 $79.88

We can make some simple substitutions Replacing just 1 incandescent light bulb with 1 compact florescent bulb saves about 150 pounds of carbon dioxide per year! If every American household replaced just 5 high-use incandescent bulbs with compact florescent lights we'd collectively save more than $8 billion each year in energy costs and we would prevent the greenhouse gases equivalent to the emissions from nearly 10 million cars. Source: http://www.energystar.gov

Small changes really add up Replace your old refrigerator with a new Energy Star: Annual savings: $90; 700 pounds CO2 Set your thermostat down a few degrees in the winter Annual savings: $135; 1400 pounds CO2 Drive JUST 10 fewer miles per week Annual savings: $80; 520 pounds CO2 Reduce your garbage by 10% through greater recycling or reduced packaging Annual savings: 1200 pounds CO2 Wash clothes in cold water only Annual savings: $70; 500 pounds CO2 Caulk and weather-strip around doors and windows Annual savings: $80; 650 pounds CO2 * These are mid-range estimates from published sources; your savings may vary.

Blowing Up Your World 1. How many of you leave your bedroom light on when you are not in the room? Turning off lights saves energy and money. The more energy used, the more rivers are dammed or more fossil fuel is burned, causing air pollution and increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 2 pts d

Blowing Up Your World How many of you walked, bicycled or took public transportation to get to school today, instead of coming by private automobile? Our reliance on cars that burn fossil fuels is one of the major causes of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and it is the primary cause of urban smog. 3 pts u

Blowing Up Your World How many of you, when you drink a soft drink, throw the container into the garbage? Throwing away containers of any kind wastes energy and resources and adds to our waste problem. Many towns are running out of landfill space. 3 pts d

Blowing Up Your World Blowing Up Your World How many of you eat fresh vegetables instead of canned or frozen? Fresh vegetables cook more quickly and are usually more nutritious than frozen or canned foods. Canned and frozen vegetables are often over-processed, contain additives, contribute to air pollution (transport and packaging) and add to our waste problem. 4 pts u

Blowing Up Your World How many of you use a hairdryer or other energy-consuming convenience appliance, especially in the morning? Hairdryers use a lot of energy. In the morning so much energy demand is put on our grids that power companies have to find other sources of energy just to meet the morning rush hour 2 pts d

Blowing Up Your World How many of you, when you go to a store, get a bag for your purchases, even if you have only one or two small items to carry? Making paper and plastic bags uses energy and resources. The bags add to our litter and waste problems, and plastic is not biodegradable. Recycling is not the best answer because collecting and recycling materials requires energy. Instead, carry a reusable cloth bag or a knapsack with you. 3 pts d

Blowing Up Your World How many of you carry your lunch to school in a lunch box or reusable container? Making paper and plastic bags uses energy and resources. 3 pts u

Blowing Up Your World How many of you eat take-out or cafeteria food that is served in foam or plastic containers? Polystyrene and other plastic containers are made from precious petrochemicals, do not decompose in landfills, and release toxic gases when they are burned in incinerators. 10 pts d

Blowing Up Your World How many of you use handkerchiefs instead of tissues and use cloth towels instead of paper towels? Paper comes from trees. The more of it we use, the more trees that are cut down 2 pts d

Blowing Up Your World How many are changing incandescent bulbs for new compact fluorescent bulbs? Changing one bulb could save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide per year! 10 pts u

Blowing Up Your World 31 - 40 Very good. You're an environmentalist! 21 - 30 Good, you're starting to save the world. 11 - 20 Lots of room for improvement. 0 - 10 You're exiled to the town dump!

Each of us must take steps to protect our Earth's climate. Our take-home message… Each of us must take steps to protect our Earth's climate.

DO NOW TUESDAY Study for Test

TODAY’S PLAN TODAY’S DO To demonstrate Mastery of Weather and Climate Learning Targets on a written exam. TODAY’S DO We will take the Multiple Choice Portion of our Weather and Climate Test. Open Response- Thursday DARE- Wednesday

TEST EXPECTATIONS Do your best. Do your own work. Finish the test within the class period. (No staying after bell.) Remain quiet at all times. Finished? Turn your paper in to the side cart. Pick up the packet about global warming and begin completing it.

DO NOW THURSDAY Study for your open response.

TODAY’S PLAN TODAY’S DO To demonstrate Mastery of Weather and Climate Learning Targets on a written exam. TODAY’S DO We will complete the Open Response portion of the Weather and Climate Test.

TEST EXPECTATIONS Do your best. Do your own work. Finish the test within the class period. (No staying after bell.) Remain quiet at all times. Finished? Turn your paper in to the side cart. Pick up the crossword puzzle and a pack of crayons for your table. Complete the puzzle and color the picture on the back. Some of you will redo the multiple choice after completing your open response.