Science Starter: Tuesday April 11, 2017 Day 2 Science Starter Sheet 1. Please have these Items on your desk. Science Starter Sheet Agenda Science Note Book Science Starter:

Weird Genetics

A change in genetic information Mutations A change in genetic information Can occur randomly (naturally) Or can be deliberately caused in the laboratory by scientists Inherited Not always harmful http://www.accessexcellence.org/

Natural Mutations

ALBINOS Little or no pigmentation in the eyes, skin, and hair (or in some cases in the eyes alone). Inherited an altered copy of a gene that does not work correctly. The altered gene does not allow the body to make the usual amounts of a pigment called "melanin". True albinos have pink eyes and skin.

These are not albinos; they have pigmented eyes.

White Bengal Tiger

HUMAN INTERVENTION

SELECTIVE BREEDING The selection of certain seeds or animals for reproduction in order to influence the traits inherited by the next generation.

SELECTIVE BREEDING The Liger is the result of breeding a female Tiger to a male Lion. The liger has both stripes and spots. The stripes are inherited from its tiger parent and the spots from the lion parent. On their hind legs, ligers stand approximately 12 feet tall. At most, ligers may weigh up to 1,000 pounds.

The Cama is the result of breeding a Llama to a Camel The Cama is the result of breeding a Llama to a Camel. Parents in background of picture.

The Zebroid is the result of breeding a female Horse and a male Zebra. The Zedonk / Zonkey is the result of breeding a female Donkey and male Zebra.

The Mule is the result of breeding a female horse (mare) to a male donkey (jack). The mule is superior to the horse in strength, endurance, intelligence and disease resistance.

Maroon & Red Bluebonnets

The selective, deliberate change of genes (genetic material) by man. GENETIC ENGINEERING The selective, deliberate change of genes (genetic material) by man. The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule in order to change the information it contains.

Bright face of genetically modified corn plant: pest-infected non-GM (left) and pest-free GM plant (right) planted side-by-side in a field trial. (photo: Dr. Yu Jialin, China Agricultural University)

                                                                                                                    French genetic researchers created Alba for artist Eduardo Kac. Thanks to genes borrowed from a jellyfish, the albino rabbit glows green when placed under special lighting. In regular light, Alba appears like any other furry white rabbit. But place her under a black light, and her eyes, whiskers and fur glow a otherworldly green.

                                                                                                                                                       "Glow in the dark" fish. these genetically modified fish were developed by a Taiwanese aquatic firm, Taikong Group. They are planning to reproduce these fish in numbers and sell them for pets.

                                                                                                                                    Scientists in the agriculture department of the Hebrew University in Rehovot have genetically engineered a chicken that has no feathers.

Selective Breeding

Labradoodle Look at the following dogs - crossing a Poodle and a Labrador results in a ‘Labradoodle’ What features has the Labradoodle inherited from the Labrador? What features has the Labradoodle inherited from the Poodle? + Labradoodle Poodle + Labrador

Labradoodle The Labradoodle is large (like the Labrador), has a fluffy coat (like the Poodle) which sheds much less than a Labrador’s coat. They are also generally well tempered and good swimmers (like both its parents breeds). So the Labradoodle has favorable characteristics from both of its parents breeds + Labradoodle Poodle + Labrador

Natural Selection Species gradually evolve by a process of natural selection Individuals in a species show a wide variation (due to gene differences) Individuals with inherited features best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce: passing on their genetic information to their offspring Over time, a species can change its appearance, and may even become a new species, unable to reproduce successfully with individuals of the original species Individuals with the most favorable genes for the environment they live in are selected over time: this is natural selection

Selective Breeding Selective breeding is a process used to produce different breeds of animals or varieties of plants that have useful characteristics Using selective breeding you can produce a specific offspring with useful characteristics of both parents Farmers can choose individual cows to mate in order to produce a generation of cows that will yield more milk Apple growers want to produce a type of apple that is tasty and resistant to disease. This can be done by crossing a variety of apple known for taste with another variety that shows strong resistance to disease

Summary The key is to identify the feature you want, and only breed from the individuals that have that feature. Examples of what selective breeding can produce include: - Hens that lay big eggs of a particular color Cattle that produce lots of meat Tomato plants that produce lots of tomatoes Crops that are resistant to certain plant diseases