The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst

Bleeding Tree Gardenia “Graveyard Flowers”

Symbolism: A symbol is an object, person, animal or event that stands for something more than itself. Public Symbols are common and known to most people: Dove = peace cross = Christianity In literature, an author can invent a symbol linking an object to a character, or event in the story.

Why Symbolism? All figurative language and stylistic devices are used to help convey the theme of the story. If you cannot figure out what a symbol stands for, think about the controlling ideas of the story, and your theme will lead you to understand the symbol.

What does the scarlet ibis stand for? The bird is a rare, beautiful thing that is destroyed when it is blown out of its natural habitat Doodle is also a rare, beautiful thing that is destroyed when his brother tries to make him do things he cannot do. on a more allegorical level, both Doodle and the bird are symbolic of countries at war, who are destroyed when they try to control one another

Other Symbols in the Story: The screech owls: in many cultures, the cry of an owl is an omen of death. The casket: obvious death symbol Wreaths are circles of plants or flowers that symbolize the circular nature of life, ending with death. They are often used to mark graves. The storms that blow the bird off course and cause Doodle’s death are symbolic of fear and chaos.

Allegory An allegory is a story in which characters, settings and actions stand for something beyond themselves. These can be: abstract ideas (democracy, truth, innocence) historical figures and events Allegories can be read and interpreted on two levels: as a story that stands on its own, or as an allegory giving us lessons on life.

Allusion Allusions are references to cultural things like history, other literature, or even popular figures. Authors expect the readers to know what they are talking about when they use allusions. Allusions are often hard for readers to identify and understand because, especially when we read older works, we do not share the cultural, historic and literary knowledge of the writer.

Why use Allusions? Historical and geographical allusions help to set the scene – by telling us that the family talked about battles in WWI, we know the time period of The Scarlet Ibis. By mentioning President Wilson, we know that the story takes place during his administration Religious allusions help us understand a character’s belief system, which in turn helps us understand his or her actions.

Why don’t I get these Allusions? Many literary allusions are just a way of an author showing his audience that he has the same cultural reference as they do. For example, if you are reading a story that mentions Tom Sawyer or Huckleberry Finn, you likely share some degree of who these characters are. But if the story mentions Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader, you might have a better shared vision. Allusions to popular movie stars, TV shows, movies, or music may be easily understood now, but will be very hard for future generations to get. That’s why you don’t always get references in older literature.

Other Allusions in The Scarlet Ibis “Of course, he wasn’t a crazy crazy like old Miss Leedie, who was in love with President Wilson . . .” (169). President Woodrow Wilson was the US President from 1913-1921 (During World War I) “And during that summer, strange names were heard through the house: Chateau-Thierry, Amiens, Soissons, and in her blessing at the supper table, Mama once said, ‘And bless the Pearsons, whose boy Joe was lost at Belleau Wood’”(177). These place names are references to World War I battles.

Some really meaningful quotes: “I did not know then that pride is a wonderful, terrible thing, a seed that bears two vines, life and death”(174). This metaphor compares the narrator’s pride with a plant that can grow to be either a good or bad thing. It is a good thing that he challenges Doodle and makes his life more beautiful, but deadly in the end. “There is within me (and with sadness I have watched it in others) a knot of cruelty borne by the stream of love, much as our blood sometimes bears the seed of our destruction, and at times I was mean to Doodle” (I72). Hurst uses this metaphor to show that the meanness of the narrator is tied up in him, but connected to Doodle by the love that brother’s share. It also foreshadows the destruction of Doodle.

More Quotes of Note: “We’d bedeck ourselves with our handiwork and loll about thus beautified, beyond the touch of the everyday world” (172).

Symbolism Poster Assignment You will make a poster with the following: an image that shows something used as a symbol in The Scarlet Ibis. A paragraph telling what the symbol is, how it is used, and what it stands for in the story. Make sure you tell the author’s purpose for using the symbol, and tie it in to the theme. Have a topic sentence and use two quotes from the story that show the symbolism. Make it pretty and colorful. Paragraph is in pen or marker. PROJECT DUE THURSDAY!!!!