Chapter 14: Liquids and Solids

Learning Target You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Solids Crystalline solids are solids with a regular arrangement of components. They divide into three classes. You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Ionic Solids Stable substances with high melting points. Held together with strong forces (ionic bonding). Components are ions. Examples: Sodium chloride, NaCl (Na+, Cl- ions) Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 (NH4+, NO3- ions) You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Molecular solids Low melting points because IMFs are weak. Held together with hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces. Components are molecules. Examples: Water, H2O Dry ice, CO2 White phosphorus, P4 You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Atomic Solids Properties vary greatly. Group 8 elements have low melting points. Some forces are relatively weak London dispersion forces Other substances are hard and have high melting points. (giant molecules = network solid) Some forces are very strong covalent bonding. Diamond is an example Components are atoms. Examples: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Bonding in metals Metals introduce another type of atomic solid. An alloy contains a mixture of elements and has metallic properties. There are two kinds of alloys: substitutional and interstitial. Examples of sub. alloys: Sterling silver and pewter Example of inter. alloys: steel You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Examples Answers: Molecular Atomic Ionic Name the type of crystalline solid formed by each of the following substances: Ammonia, NH3 Iron, Fe (s) Cesium fluoride, CsF2 Argon, Ar Sulfur, S8 Answers: Molecular Atomic Ionic You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Try on your own Answers: Molecular Ionic Atomic Name the type of crystalline solid formed by each of the following substances: Sulfur trioxide, SO3 Barium oxide, BaO gold, Au Water, H2O Calcium oxide, CaO Krypton, Kr Answers: Molecular Ionic Atomic You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

Recap What are three classes of crystalline solids? What are some properties of ionic solids? What are some properties of molecular solids? What are some properties of atomic solids? What is an alloy? You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.